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Intro to Linguistics > Morphology > Flashcards

Morphology Flashcards

1
Q

morphology

A

component of mental grammar that deals with types of words and how words are formed out of smaller meaningful pieces and other words

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2
Q

form

A

what words sounds like when spoken

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3
Q

lexicon

A

mental dictionary

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4
Q

derivation

A

process of creating words out of other words

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5
Q

affixes

A

added pieces to make new words

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6
Q

inflection

A

creation of different grammatical forms of words

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7
Q

morphemes

A

smallest linguistic unit with a meaning

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8
Q

homophonous

A

affixes that sound alike but have different meanings of functions (-er can be derivational or inflectional)

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9
Q

free morpheme

A

can stand alone

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10
Q

bound morpheme

A

cannot stand alone (affixes)

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11
Q

bound roots

A

roots that cannot stand alone but have some historical meaning (-ceive, -fer, cranberry words)

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12
Q

content morphemes

A

have concrete meaning

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13
Q

function morphemes

A

grammatically relevant information (ex. -ing)

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14
Q

aspect

A

how something unfolds in time (completed, ongoing, frequent, etc.)

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15
Q

compounding

A

process that forms new words from two or more independent words

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16
Q

reduplication

A

process of forming new words by doubling an entire free morpheme or part of it

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17
Q

english reduplication

A

no systemic reduplication, but does contain lexical reduplication (bye bye, used for intensity like-like)

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18
Q

alternation

A

make a new word via internal modifications (woman to women, goose to geese)

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19
Q

alternation is usually inflectional, but can be derivational

A

strive (n) and strive (v), teeth (n) and teethe (v), breath (n) and breathe (v)

20
Q

suppletion

A

replacement of root by morphologically unrelated root - same core meaning, different context (is to was, go to went)

21
Q

ablaut

A

form of alternation, vowel change (swim swam swum, ring rang rung)

22
Q

conversion

A

no change in stress or vowel of word, but different lexical category (mother noun and mother verb)

23
Q

stress shift

A

change in stress of word to indicate different lexical category (import noun and import verb)

24
Q

when compounding, what element determines syntactic form

A

second element

25
Q

-ity

A

forms a noun that requires an adjective to attach to

26
Q

-less

A

forms an adjective that requires noun to attach to

27
Q

-able

A

forms an adjective that needs intransitive verb to attach to

28
Q

backformation

A

shortening of word to make new word of new syntactic form (editor came before edit; burglar came before burgle

29
Q

clippings

A

shortening of word but doesnt change syntactic form (fridge)

30
Q

acronym

A

using first letter(s) of words of a phrase to make a word (SCUBA, NATO)

31
Q

blend

A

taking pieces of words to form a new word (mobile hotel to motel, smoke and fog to smog)

32
Q

what affixes are added first: derivational or inflectional

A

derivational

33
Q

derivational affixes

A

may change word class, restricted to subclasses, have semantic drift

34
Q

inflectional affixes

A

don’t change word class, unrestricted, no semantic drift

35
Q

two forms of inflectional affixes

A

tense and aspect

36
Q

isolating language

A

do not use affixes, have separate words; each word consists of separate morpheme

37
Q

synthetic language

A

bound morphemes attached to other morphemes

38
Q

agglutinating languages

A

type of synthetic language in which morphemes joined loosely - easy to determine where boundaries between morphemes are, and each morpheme carries one meaning

39
Q

fusional languages

A

type of synthetic language in which bound morphemes are added to stems, not as easy to determine separate morphemes, and morphemes can carry several meanings

40
Q

8 inflectional morphemes in english

A

-s, -s, -ed, -en, -ing, -s, -er, -est

41
Q

noun forms of -s

A

plural and possessive

42
Q

verb form of -s

A

3rd person, singular, present

43
Q

-ing

A

progressive, verb

44
Q

-en

A

perfect, verb

45
Q

-ed

A

past perfect, verb

46
Q

-er

A

comparative, adjective

47
Q

-est

A

superlative, adjective

Intro to Linguistics (10 decks)

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