Syntax

Question 1

What does every sentence consist of?

Answer 1

A verb phrase and a noun phrase

Question 2

Noun Phrase

Answer 2

Determinative, Premodifier, head, postmodifier
* the damp chill

Question 3

Verb Phrase

Answer 3

Auxiliary Verb, Main Verb
* was laughing

Question 4

Prepositional Phrase

Answer 4

Prepositional, Prepositional Complement
* in the fridge

Question 5

Adjective Phrase

Answer 5

Premodifier, head, postmodifier
* very old

Question 6

Adverb Phrase

Answer 6

Premodifier, head, postmodifier
* rather fluffly

Question 7

Attributes of a Phrase

Answer 7

Head:
* obligatory,
* determines the type of phrase

Modifiers:
* Optional
* Can’t stand on their own

Phrases can have phrases within them

Question 8

How can I identify phrases

Answer 8

1. Fronting: you can move phrase as a
   whole
2. Substitution: phrase can be substituted by single word
3. Coordination: constiuents of the same kind can be joined by coordinating conjunctions (‘and’ & ‘or’)

Question 9

What is a Main Clause

Answer 9

• Can stand on its own
• Contains finite verb
• Can be modified by subordiante clause

Question 10

What is a Subordinate Cluase

Answer 10

• Can’t stand on it’s own
• Modify or expand clause
• usually introduced by subordiante conjunction

Question 11

What is the herarchical structure of english

Answer 11

sentences > clauses >
phrases > words > morphemes > phonemes

Question 12

What are the 3 Functional types of sentences?

Answer 12

declarative sentences: statements
* I go home.

interrogative sentences: questions
* How are you?

imperative sentenece: command, do not need overt subject, predicate + object
* Don’t do that! Go away!

Question 13

Interogative Sentences Types

Answer 13

Yes No Questions
* Auxialry verb Moves before the subject
* Or use Does

Tag Questions
* At the end of declaritve Sentences
* Ask for conformation
* Reverse Polarity

Wh- Questions
* Where, Why What, Who, Which, When, Whose, How

Question 14

Imperative Sentences

Answer 14

Does not need a subject
* Permission
* Prohibition
* Advice
* Imporation

Question 15

What are the 3 Forms of Sentences

Answer 15

simple senteces: one main clause

compound sentences: consist of at least two main clauses

complex sentences: one main clause + at least one subordinate clause

Question 16

What are the 7 basic Sentence patterns

Answer 16

SV
* The girl laughs.

SVO
* The girl dressed the baby.

SVC
* The girl seemed very happy.

SVA
* The girl sits on the chair.

SVOO
* The girl gave her friend (Oi) a present. (Od)

SVOC
* The girl considered him really handsome.

SVOA
* The girl spent all her life in the city.

Question 17

How to Define Adverbial

Answer 17

Time, place, manner (how), condition (if), cause (because), concession (although), purpose (in order)

Question 18

Intransitive vs Transitive Verbs

Answer 18

Transitive: verb requires at least one object
* Her brother buys

Intransitive: verb doesn’t require an object
* The girl laughed

Question 19

What are Auxiliary, Modal, Primary and main Verbs

Answer 19

Main Verbs:
* all the Normal Verbs

Auxiliary Verbs: (helper verbs)
* Modal Verbs: can, could, may, might,must, shall,should, will, would
* Primary Verbs: be, have, do
* can also be main verbs

Question 20

Finite vs Non-Finite Verbs

Answer 20

Finite verbs
- indicate tense markings (past and present)

Non-finite verbs:
- not tensed
- present participle /-ing form
- past participle
- infinitive

Question 21

Copular/Linking verbs

Answer 21

• Copular verbs establish a link between the subject of a sentence and a certain property or attribute.
• After a copular verb: always a subject complement
• Most Common: be, seem, look, remain, turn, grow, smell, become, feel, sound, stay