Syntactic patterning in formal language

Question 1

Parallelism

Answer 1

When two or more phrases, clauses or sentences are structured similarly and appear near each other, they are considered to be in parallel. E.g. Joey likes apples, bananas and pears. Monica likes berries, mangoes and peaches.

Question 2

Antithesis

Answer 2

When the elements that are in parallel are directly in contrast to each other. (Plainly contrast, or opposite ideas in the same sentence). E.g. It was the best of times, it was the worst of times. Friend & Foe.

Question 3

Listing

Answer 3

Usually three or more related elements placed together. Grouping items, suggesting that are all items are of equal value. (why? discuss as a syntactic feature)

Question 4

Subordination/complex sentences

Answer 4

When texts use subordinating clauses in order to sound more professional/formal. For example, “Notwithstanding the various tasks that were set out…”