Features that contribute to a text's cohesion

Question 1

Cohesion

Answer 1

How a text flows and links ideas: The ideas move logically from one point to the next, and the ideas are linked, showing how they relate to one another.

Question 2

Cohesion features:

Answer 2

CRISEAL

Question 3

Conjunctions

Answer 3

A word that connects clauses, or words in a clause. Coordinating: Joining equally weighted phrases, words or clauses together.
Subordinating: Connects a main clause with a subordinate clause
One of the main ways to link words so that the reader can make connections between words and ideas

Question 4

Types of conjunctions

Answer 4

Additive, adversative or contrastive, temporal, or causal

Question 5

Additive

Answer 5

Equally linked, given equal importance. E.g. and, also, in addition

Question 6

Reference

Answer 6

One of the strategies used to place people, places and things in a text, and then refer back to them later in the text.

Question 7

Types of references

Answer 7

Anaphoric, cataphoric, deictic

Question 8

Anaphoric reference

Answer 8

Referencing a word or phrase used earlier, specifically, linking back to a previous word in an earlier sentence. E.g. He, she, they, do, that. Susan dropped the plate. It shattered loudly.

Question 9

Cataphoric reference

Answer 9

Use of word or phrase, usually a pronoun, to make reference to something mentioned later. E.g. Here he comes, our award-winning host, John Doe!(for delayed effect)

Question 10

Deictic reference

Answer 10

Referencing something outside of the text. E.g. This is where I live. (‘This’ has not been specified earlier, nor explained)

Question 11

Information flow

Answer 11

The the information in the text has been organized, and provide cues & clues to help the audience interpret a text appropriately. Topic, then new information: Swap order and topic changes.

Question 12

Front focus

Answer 12

Adverbial/indirect object/direct object, ‘new information’ is moved to the front, and therefore the topic changes.

Question 13

End focus

Answer 13

Common way of giving information, where the new information is at the end, and the topic is the beginning.

Question 14

There construction

Answer 14

There is added as a dummy subject, to delay the real subject, to have an ‘it’ for the subject/for dramatic purposes.

Question 15

Clefting

Answer 15

Splitting one clause into two clauses. E.g. The boy kicked the boy = it was the boy, who kicked the ball

Question 16

Substitution

Answer 16

Replacing words using these words: one, don’t, some, so, do not(no pronouns, only these)

Question 17

Ellipses

Answer 17

By avoiding unnecessary detail, reader’s can focus on what is most important, and can also make mental links back to the topic. E.g. I wish my cat wouldn’t wake me up in the morning, but no.

Question 18

Repetition

Answer 18

A link is formed through the repetition/reiteration of words. This serves to keep the main idea in focus

Question 19

Adverbials

Answer 19

Linking ideas in time, place order. How, when, where and why things happened.

Question 20

Lexical choice

Answer 20

Refers to the way related words are chosen to link and connect elements in a text.

Question 21

Collocations

Answer 21

Words that regularly appear together. E.g. fast food, school uniform, salt and pepper(not idioms, because they are a memorized phrase)

Question 22

Collocations: how?

Answer 22

Aids cohesion as the reader can make links faster by linking ideas that typically go together. These well known expressions are predictable and faster for the brain to understand, because the connections are pre-existing(prior knowledge!).

Question 23

Lexical choice characteristics

Answer 23

Synonyms, antonyms, hyponyms, hypernyms, and collocations

Question 24

Hyponyms

Answer 24

More specific in meaning: dog is category, golden retriever is hyponym.

Question 25

Hypernym

Answer 25

More broad in meaning: if golden retriever is hyponym, dog is hypernym.