Syndromes Flashcards
Discontinuation of what anti-depressant causes flu-like symptoms, dizziness, insomnia, vivid dreams, irritability and sensory symptoms?
SSRIs (particularly paroxetine and venlafaxine)
Discontinuation of what anti-depressant causes flu-like symptoms, insomnia and excessive dreaming?
TCAs (particularly amitripyline and imipramine)
Discontinuation of what anti-depressant causes agitation, ataxia, movement disorders, insomnia and vivid dreams?
MAOIs
SIADH can be caused by which drug type?
Anti-depressants
Symptoms of vitamin D deficiency are?
Tiredness, sadness, anhedonia and difficult getting up in the morning
What is Couvade syndrome?
Conversion syndrome of expectant fathers, ie a ‘sympathetic pregnancy’. NOT A DELUSION - the person does not think they are pregnant
What is Capgras syndrome?
Person believes that a familiar person has been replaced by an imposter ie. delusional misidentification syndrome
What is Cotards syndrome?
Nihilistic delusions eg. May think they are dead
What is Fregoli syndrome?
Patient falsely identifies familiar people in strangers ie. delusional misidentification syndrome
What is a dissociative fugue?
Individual wanders far from home during which time they completely forget their past life and associations
What is a dissociative stupor?
Profound diminution or absence of voluntary movement and normal responsiveness to external stimuli
What is dissociative amnesia?
Loss of memory not due to organic mental disorder
What is Ganser’s syndrome?
Clouding of consciousness, giving only approximate answers, somatic conversion features and pseudohallucinations
What are the characteristics of narcolepsy?
Sleep attacks
Cataplexy (sudden brief loss of muscle tone)
Sleep paralysis
Hypnagogic or hypnopompic hallucinations
What are the symptoms of REM sleep behavioural disorders?
Can show simple to complex behaviours whilst asleep such as running or singing. It occurs late at night and is accompanied by vivid dream recall.
Positive prognostic indicators in schizophrenia include…
- Absence of a family history
- Acute onset with rapid recovery
- Period between onset and treatment is less than 6 months
- ‘Normal’ pre-morbid functioning and personality
- Presence of precipitating factors
- Presence of affective symptoms
- Good response to treatment
- Onset of first episode after age 30
- Absence of coexisting conditions such as substance use
- Female
- Cultural variation such as living in a rural community, living in a developing country
What are the features of somatisation disorder?
At least two years of multiple and various physical symptoms with no adequate physical explanation
Persistent refusal to accept advice or reassurance from health professionals
Some degree of impairment in social or family functioning
What are the features of hypochondriacal disorder?
Persistent belief in the presence of at least one serious physical illness underlying the presenting symptoms even though repeated investigations have identified no adequate explanation
Persistent refusal to accept the advice and reassurance of health professionals
What are the features of somatoform pain disorder?
The predominant compliant is of persistent, severe and distressing pain that cannot be explained by a physiological process
Pain occurs in association with emotional conflict or psychosocial problems
Usually results in marked increase in support and attention
What is Othello syndrome?
Delusion of infertility of a spouse or partner
Morbid jealousy
Associated with high rates of alcohol misuse and dependence
What is de Clerambault’s syndrome?
The delusional idea (usually seen in women) that a person that they believe to be of higher social order or professional standing is in love with them
Otherwise known as erotomania.
What is Ekbom’s syndrome?
Delusions of infestation and delusional parasites. Otherwise know an fornication.
Willis-Ekbom’s syndrome is also another name for restless legs syndrome
What is Diogenes syndrome?
Characterised by severe neglect of self and surroundings, social isolation and domestic squalor.
What is Munchausen’s syndrome?
Extreme form of factitious disorder (someone who deceives others by appearing sick) where a patient attends hospital with a false but plausible dramatic history suggesting an acute serious illness. Often deceive the staff of many different hospitals.
What is Charles Bonnet syndrome?
Individual experience complex visual hallucinations in associated with impaired vision with demonstrable psychopathology or disturbance if consciousness
What is Blocq’s disease?
Also known as astasis-abasia
Inability to walk or stand in a normal manner, gait is bizarre and not in keeping with organic causes. Often characterised by swaying and almost falling with recovery at the last moment
Usually seen in cases of severe stress
This is a type of CONVERSION DISORDER - ie transformation of a difficult emotional experience into physical symptoms
What are the signs of Wernickes encephalopathy?
Opthalmoplegia - horizontal and vertical nystagmus, weakness of the lateral rectus muscle and the conjugate gaze
Ataxia - predominately affecting stance or gait and often without intention tremor
Confusion
What are the common symptoms of Lewy body dementia?
Fluctuating cognition, visual hallucinations, falls, REM sleep disorder
What is Intermetamorphosis?
Imposter syndrome - multiple people
