Neurology Flashcards
Which central nervous cells are most vulnerable to HIV infection?
Microglia
What would you see on EEG testing of a patient with vascular dementia?
Focal abnormalities
What would you see on EEG testing in frontal lobe dementia?
No changes on EEG until very late in the disease.
What is the mutation proposed to cause early onset Alzheimer’s disease?
Presenilin mutation - this affects the gamma-secretase enzyme which is involved in converting amyloid precursor protein to amyloid beta-protein.
Which hormone is released by the pineal gland?
Melatonin
If Lithium toxicity is suspected but lithium blood level is normal, which test can be done?
EEG
What is the prevalence of dementia in those aged 80-84?
13.6%
The prevalence in the 65-69 age group is 1.5% and the prevalence doubles with every 5 years age category reaching 45% in those over 95.
What causes dopamine transporter changes in ADHD?
Previous psychostimulant treatment
What is the difference between simple and complex partial seizures?
In simple partial seizures consciousness is typically retained whereas in complex partial seizures consciousness is impaired
What is the neuropathology of prion diseases?
CJD and Kuru are associated with spongiform change whereas fatal familial insomnia demonstrates little to no spongiform change
Sporadic CJD (sCJD) makes up 85% of cases whereas variant (vCJD) makes up only small numbers and is caused by eating contaminated food
Which hormones are secreted by the anterior and posterior pituitary gland?
Anterior - HGH ( human growth hormone), ACTH, PRL, TSH, LH, FSH
Posterior - ADH and oxytocin
What is the typical EEG pattern of CJD?
Periodic sharp wave complexes
Generalised slow wave activity is seen in Lewy body dementia but if predominant over the temporal and parietal region it is likely to indicate Alzheimer’s disease
