syncope

Question 1

what is the MC cause of sudden death in young adults?

Answer 1

hypertrophic cardiomyopathy

Question 2

characteristics of syncope from dysrhthmias?

Answer 2

sudden and usually w/o prodromal symptoms

Question 3

characterisitsic of vasovagal syncope?

Answer 3

slow, progressive onset w/ associated prodrome

Question 4

syncope that occurs during or immediately following cough, micturition, defecation, or swallowing?

Answer 4

situational syncope

Question 5

reflex mediated syncope characterized by bradycardia or hypotension?

Answer 5

carotid sinus hypersensitivity

Question 6

sudden event w/o warning and events associated w/ exertion raise suspicion for?

Answer 6

cardiac dysrhythmia or structural cardiopulonary lesion?

Question 7

what are the MC causes of syncope?

Answer 7

vasovagal, cardiac, orthostatic

Question 8

what are the MC causes of syncope?

Answer 8

vasovagal, cardiac, orthostatic

Question 9

what is the MC cause of sudden death in young adults?

Answer 9

HCM

Question 10

what are the symptoms of aortic stenosis?

Answer 10

chest pain, dyspnea on exertion and syncope

Question 11

describe syncope from dysrhythmias?

Answer 11

sudden and usually w/o prodromal symptoms

Question 12

what is vasovagal syncope associated w/?

Answer 12

inappropriate vasodialation, bradycardia, from increased vagal or sympathetic tone, may occur after unpleasant sight, sound smell, fear, pain distress

Question 13

when does situational syncope occur?

Answer 13

coughing, micturition, defecation or swallowing

Question 14

what should you consider in an older patient w/ recurrent syncope and negative cardiac evaluations?

Answer 14

carotid sinus hypersensitivity. MC abnormal vagal response w/ bradycardia and asystole >3 seconds. decrease BP >50 mmhg

Question 15

what should you consider in an older patient w/ recurrent syncope and negative cardiac evaluations?

Answer 15

carotid sinus hypersensitivity. MC abnormal vagal response w/ bradycardia and asystole >3 seconds. decrease BP >50 mmhg

Question 16

what is subclavian steal syndrome?

Answer 16

neurologic cause of syncope from brainstem ischemia. abnormal narrowing of the subclavian artery. w/ exercise of ipsilateral arm blood is shunted from vertebrobasilar system. More common on the left. PE MAY IDENTIFY DECREASED PULSE VOLUME AND DIMINSHED BLOOD PRESSURE IN THE AFFECTED ARM

Question 17

if someone passes out and hits their head what do you consider?

Answer 17

subarachnoid hemorrhage

Question 18

what medications are associated w/ syncope?

Answer 18

b blockers, CCB= blunted HR, diuretics= volume depletion

Question 19

what loss of consiousness is associated w/ diplopia and vertigo?

Answer 19

neurologic (subclavian…?)

Question 20

what raises suspicion for cardiac?

Answer 20

sudden event w/o warning, and associated exertion

Question 21

these symptoms should raise concern for a life threatening condition?

Answer 21

chest pain, palpitations, HA, abdominal pain

Question 22

these symptoms should raise concern for a life threatening condition?

Answer 22

chest pain, palpitations, HA, abdominal pain

Question 23

patients w/ more than 5 syncopal events in 1 year are more likely to have what?

Answer 23

vasovagal syncope

Question 24

what is not a useful distinction between seizure and syncope?

Answer 24

urinary incontinence

Question 25

what is not a useful distinction between seizure and syncope?

Answer 25

urinary incontinence

Question 26

a symptomatic decrease of >20 mm Hg in the systolic pressure is considered ___ as a a drop below __ independent of the developement symptoms

Answer 26

abnormal 90

Question 27

what do you get if you had syncope?

Answer 27

an EKG