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Physiology > synaptic transmission > Flashcards

synaptic transmission Flashcards

1
Q

a neuron may terminate on one of what three structures

A
  • another neuron (synapse)
  • a muscle (neuromuscular junction)
  • a gland
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2
Q

motorneurons

A

nerves that innervate muscle fibers

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3
Q

In what tissues does electrical synaptic transmission occur

A
  • heart
  • smooth muscle
  • liver
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4
Q

name the three location of synapses

A
  • axo-dendritic
  • axo-somatic
  • axo-axonic
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5
Q

In electrical synapses, the cytoplasms of membranes are physically connected by what

A

gap junctions

  • usually for fast transmission
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6
Q

what is the distance between two cells who have electrical synaptic transmission

A

short, about 3 nm

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7
Q

where does current flow in electrical synaptic transmission

A

either direction

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8
Q

gap junctions link electrically coupled cells and consist of what?

A

connexons

** low resistance pathways

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9
Q

what type of synaptic transmission is characterized by no synaptic delay and conduction in both directions

A

electrical synapses

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10
Q

why do cardiac and smooth muscles consist of gap junctions

A
  • gap junctions are important for synchronizing electrical and contractile activity
  • tissues with gap junctions act as a functional syncytium
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11
Q

name the synaptic transmission described below

  • more common
  • either excitatory or inhibitory
  • no physical continuity between pre and post synaptic neurons
  • has synaptic delay (1-5 ms)
A

chemical synapses

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12
Q

in what way is neurotransmitter released in chemical synaptic transmission

A

released in individual packets or “quanta”

  • one vesicle released one quantum of neurotransmitter
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13
Q

postsynaptic potentials are graded. What does this mean

A

they depend on the number of quanta released

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14
Q

the number of quanta released per action potential varies with what

A

the type of tissue

  • ex: motor neurons innervating skeletal muscle release 150 quanta while CNS axon terminals release 1-10 quanta
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15
Q

what is the role of Ca2+ in chemical synaptic transmission

A

ca2+ is required for the mobilization and fusion of the vesicles (contained neurotransmitter) to the membrane

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16
Q

List the process of excitation-secretion coupling in chemical synapses

A
  1. action potential depolarizes the axon terminal
  2. depolarization opens voltage-gated Ca2+ channels
  3. Ca2+ enters cell
  4. calcium entry triggers exocytosis of synaptic vesicle contents
  5. neurotransmitter diffuses across the synaptic cleft and binds with receptors on the postsynaptic cell
  6. neurotransmitter binds initiates a response in the post-synaptic cell
17
Q

what happens to neurotransmitter released into synaptic cleft

A
  • diffusion
  • reuptake
  • enzymatic degradation
18
Q

what is the direct way neurotransmitters can affect ion channels

A

receptor is an integral part of an ion channel (ex: nicotinic Ach)

19
Q

what is the indirect way that neurotransmitters can affect ion channels

A

receptor is linked to the ion channel via G-protein modulation (ex: muscarinic acetylcholine, amines, peptides)

20
Q

action (+ and/or -) of acetylcholine and receptor used

A
  • +/-
  • receptor: cholinergic (nicotinic and muscarinic)
21
Q

action (+ and/or -) of norepinephrine and receptor used

A
  • +/-
  • adrenergic (alpha or beta)
22
Q

action (+ and/or -) of GABA and receptor used

A
  • -
  • GABAergic (GABA a(Cl-) GABA b(K+))
23
Q

action (+ and/or -) of dopamine

A

+/-

24
Q

action (+ and/or -) of serotonin (5-HT)

A

+/-

25
Q

action (+ and/or -) of Glutamate (Glu)

A

++

26
Q

action (+ and/or -) of Glycine

A

-

27
Q

what is pre-synaptic facilitation

A
  • pre-synaptic axon causes the excitatory axon in the circuit to release more neurotransmitter
  • increases the magnitde of the post-synaptic potential
28
Q

what is pre-synaptic inhibition

A

pre-synaptic inhibitory axon synapses on the axon terminal of an excitatory axon and causes the release of LESS neurotransmitter

Physiology (7 decks)

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