body fluids lect 3

Question 1

the extracellular fluid is composed of what two main portions?

Answer 1

1) Plasma

2) Interstitial fluid

Question 2

Total body water is comprised of what percentage of body weight?

Answer 2

60%

Question 3

total body water (TBW) is composed of what two primary portions?

Answer 3

intracellular fluid and extracellular fluid

Question 4

what is the 60-40-20 rule

Answer 4

% distribution: TBW = 60% of body weight; ICF = 40%; ECF = 20%

Question 5

how does water content correlate with body fat stores? Who has the highest % of water; who has the lowest % of water

Answer 5

water content correlates inversely with body fat stores –thin men = highest %; obese women = lowest %

Question 6

What is the equation to calculate Total Body Water

Answer 6

TBW = 0.7 LBM + 0.1 AT
LBM = lean body mass (kg) and AT = adipose tissue (kg)

Question 7

if proportion of Lean body mass is not known, how can TBW be calculated? What makes this estimation less accurate?

Answer 7

TBW = 0.6 (weight); not accurate for adults with % of adipose tissue markedly greater than 20%

Question 8

Interstitial fluid and plasma have essentially the same ionic makeup. What is the difference?

Answer 8

ISF does not have plasma proteins or RBC

Question 9

what is the major cation in ISF and plasma

Answer 9

NA+

Question 10

What are the major anions in ISF and plasma

Answer 10

Cl- and HCO3-

Question 11

what is the major cation of ICF

Answer 11

K+

Question 12

what are the major anions of ICF

Answer 12

proteins and organic phosphates

Question 13

what is the osmolarity of ICF, ISF, and plasma at equilibrium?

Answer 13

290 mOsm/L

Question 14

what is the equation to calculate osmolarity

Answer 14

2 (Na+) + glucose/18 + BUN/2.8

Question 15

any loss or gain of water and/or electrolytes must initially occur in which compartment?

Answer 15

ECF

* if equilibrium is upset, then ICF changes will also occur

Question 16

what is hematocrit

Answer 16

fraction of plasma occupied by RBC after centrifugation: height of RBC/Total height

Question 17

saline infusion signifies what type of process?

Answer 17

isosmotic volume expansion: gain of isotonic solution

Question 18

In isosmotic volume expansion, what happens to TBW, plasma protein, and hematocrit?

Answer 18

TBW increases; Plasma protein decreases; Hematocrit decreases (diluted due to increase in ECF volume)

Question 19

in isosmotic volume expansion, is there a change in ECF osmolarity?

Answer 19

No, isotonic volume gain

Question 20

in isosmotic volume expansion, is there a shift in H20 between ICF and ECF? Does ICF volume change?

Answer 20

No; no change in ICF volume

Question 21

diarrhea is an example of what process

Answer 21

isosmotic volume contraction: loss of isotonic solution

Question 22

What happens to TBW, plasma protein, and hematocrit in isosmotic volume contraction

Answer 22

TBW decreases; plasma protein increases; hematocrit increases

Question 23

drinking pure water or SIADH-syndrome of inappropriate anti-dieretic hormone secretion are examples of what type of process

Answer 23

hyposmotic volume expansion: gain of hypotonic solution

Question 24

in hyposmotic volume expansion, where does water move?

Answer 24

From ECF to ICF. ECF will increase; osmolarity will decrease because gave body hypotonic solution; ICF will increase (net flow from ECF to ICF) net flow of water from lower osmolarity to higher osmolarity

Question 25

In hyposmotic volume expansion, what happens to TBW, plasma protein, and hematocrit levels?

Answer 25

TBW increases; Plasma protein decreases; hematocrit decreases slightly

Question 26

water depravation and sweating are examples of what type of process

Answer 26

hyperosmotic volume contraction: loss of hypotonic solution

Question 27

In hyperosmotic volume contraction, what happens to TBW, plasma protein, and hematocrit levels

Answer 27

TBW decreases; plasma protein increases; slight increase in hematocrit

Question 28

what happens to the osmolarity of ECF in hyperosmotic volume contraction? Where does water flow because of this?

Answer 28

osmolarity of ECF increases; water will travel from ICF to ECF

Question 29

what units is total plasma protein measured in? Therefore, a decrease in ECF will have what impact on plasma protein?

Answer 29

g/dL; increase

Question 30

high NaCl intake is an example of what type of process

Answer 30

hyperosmotic volume expansion

Question 31

in hyperosmotic volume expansion, what happens to levels of TBW, plasma protein, and hematocrit?

Answer 31

TBW remains same (no addition of fluid); Plamsa protein decreases; hematocrit decreases (diluted due to increase in ECF volume)

Question 32

in hyperosmotic volume expansion, what happens to the osmolarity of ECF? What effect does this have on osmosis?

Answer 32

ECF osmolarity increases; water will move from ICF to ECF

Question 33

loss of sodium from aldosterone insufficiency is an example of what type of process

Answer 33

hyposmotic volume contraction

Question 34

in hyposmotic volume contraction, what happens to the osmolarity of ECF? What effect does this have on osmosis?

Answer 34

osmolarity of ECF decreases; water moves into ICF

Question 35

In hyposmotic volume contraction, what happens to the levels of TBW; plasma protein; and hematocrit?

Answer 35

TBW levels stay the same (no loss of fluid); plasma protein increases; hematocrit increases

Question 36

in isotonic glucose infusion; where does glucose go once in the ECF? What does glucose break down to form in the cells?

Answer 36

Glucose travels into ICF where it is broken down into water and CO2.

Question 37

in isotonic glucose infusion, what happens to levels of TBW, plasma protein, and hematocrit

Answer 37

TBW increases since glucose breaks down into H20 and CO2; this causes osmolarity of ICF to decrease and water will travel from ICF into ECF; therefore; plasma protein decreases and hematocrit decreases

Question 38

what does isosmotic; hyperosmotic; and hyposmotic mean in terms of ECF

Answer 38

isosmotic: no change in osmolarity of ECF; hyperosmotic: increase in osmolarity of ECF; hyposmotic: decrease in osmolarity of ECF

Question 39

what does contraction and expansion (word used in type of fluid shift) mean?

Answer 39

contraction: decrease in ECF volume; expansion: increase in ECF volume