Synaptic transmission Flashcards
Where is the nucleus in the neuron
The soma
What travels down the axon
Action potential (a positive charge)
What 2 things speed up transmission
Myelin sheath (also protects the cell)
Nodes of ranvier
What do the terminal buttons connect to
The effector (glands or muscles)
Or
The next neuron in the chain
Where are neurotransmitters in the neuron
The axon terminal (in the synaptic vesicle)
What are the 2 types of neurotransmitter
Excitatory: a neurotransmitter that increases the positive charge of the post synaptic neuron, making it more likely to fire
Inhibitory: a neurotransmitter that increases the negative charge of the post synaptic neuron, making it less likely to fire
Order of the reflex arc
Sensory > Relay > Motor
Name one excitatory neurotransmitter
Adrenaline
Name one Inhibitory neurotransmitter
Serotonin
What word fits this description: the sum charge of the neurotransmitters decides the chance of the neuron firing
Summation
What is meant by excitation
Excitation is a process by which neurotransmitters sum up as mostly positivel charges which increases the chance of firing the next neuron in the sequence
What is meant by Inhibition
Inhibition is a process by which neurotransmitters sum up as mostly negative charges which decrease the chance of firing the next neuron in the sequence
What the structure of the reflex arc
Sensory > Relay > Motor
What is the motor neuron connected to
An effector, such as a muscle or gland
Where are relay neurons
The spine
What charge is a neuron at rest
Negatively charged
Explain the process of synaptic transmission (do not proceed with flashcards until correct)
An electrical impulse (Called an action potential) travels down the presynaptic neuron, once it reaches the axon terminal it changes the cells charge to positive and this causes the vesicles to merge with the membrane and burst, sending neurotransmitters into the synapse, at the post synaptic neuron neurotransmitters bind to receptors, Excitatory neurotransmitters like Dopamine increase the charge of the post synaptic neuron, inhibitory neurotransmitters like serotonin decrease the charge. if the net is excitatory, the neuron will continue the chain of transmission, if net is inhibitory, transmission stops.
