Localisation of function and plasticity Flashcards

1
Q

What lobe is the motor area in

A

The frontal lobe

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2
Q

What lobe is the somatosensory area in

A

The parietal lobe

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3
Q

What lobe is the visual area in

A

The occipital lobe

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4
Q

What lobe is the auditory area in

A

The temporal lobe

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5
Q

What lobe is the wernickes area in

A

The temporal lobe

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6
Q

What lobe is the Broca’s area in

A

The frontal lobe

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7
Q

What areas were damaged for Phineas Gage and how did he change (P) 🟩 + 🟥

A

Frontal lobe

Before Gage was considered calm and collected but became quick tempered and rude

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8
Q

How did Broca find the Broca’s area (P) 🟩

A

Broca looked at a case study (Tan) who could only find tan, post mortum Broca found Legions in Tans frontal lobe, that area was named Broca’s area

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9
Q

Where did tulving find Episodic and semantic memories to be located (P)
🟩 + 🟥

A

Tulving used a sample of 11 participants (including himself and his wife) and concluded:

Semantic: Posterior
Episodic: Anterior

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10
Q

Define brain plasticity

A

The brain is plastic in the sense that I can change throughout our lives to fit our needs

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11
Q

What is synaptic pruning

A

Synaptic pruning is the brain deleting or strengthening neural pathways depending on how often we use them

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12
Q

How can plasticity be bad for us? (P) 🟥

A

The brain adapting to repeated drug use leads to poor cognitive functioning and increased risk of dementia

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13
Q

What research did maguire do into Plasticity? (P) 🟩

A

Maguire studied the brains of london taxi drivers after doing a test called “the knowledge” and found increased grey matter in the posterior hippocampus which is associated with navigational skills

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14
Q

How did Bezzola demonstrate that plasticity doesn’t always decline sharply with age? (P) 🟩

A

Bezzola made participants aged 40 to 60 do 40 hours of golf training, using fMRI scans bezzola found increased activity in the motor cortex

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15
Q

What are the three ways that the brain recovers

A

Axonal sprouting: growth of new nerve ending to connect with undamaged nerve cells to for neural pathways

Reformation of blood vessels

Recruitment of homologous areas: areas in the brain that are similar can take on the role of the lost area

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16
Q

How does little Jodie support Functional recovery/ go against localisation of function? (P) 🟩/🟥

A

Little Jodie had seizures because of Rasmussen’s syndrome (seizures) that originated in the right hemisphere.

Doctors removed the right Hemisphere and replaced it with cerebrospinal fluid, her left hemisphere took on all the responsibilities of the right and within weeks she was walking with both legs.

17
Q

What field of research came from research into functional recovery? (P) 🟩

A

Neurorehabilitation

18
Q

How old was little Jodie when she had the hemispherectomy (C)

A

3 years old