Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

ES342 > Synapses > Flashcards

Synapses Flashcards

1
Q

what are the two broad classes of synapses?

A

electrical and chemical

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

size of an electrical synaptic cleft?

A

3/5 nM

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

size of a chemical synaptic cleft?

A

20-40 nM

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

which synapse has synaptic continuity?

A

electrical

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

which synapse has gap junctions?

A

Electrical

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

which synapse has presynaptic and postsynaptic elements?

A

Chemical

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

what is the agent of transmission for an electrical synapse? chemical?

A

ionic current? neurotransmitters stored in vescicles

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

which synapse has a delay? how long is that delay?

A

chemical synapses have .3-5 ms delays

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What is the direction of potential movement in electrical? chemical?

A

bi-directional, uni-directional

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

in a chemical synapse is the response excitatory or inhibitory? what about for an electrical synapse?

A

either or

always excitatory

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

what is the function of a connexon?

A

synaptic element that is aligned so pore can allow current flow (1.5-2 nM in size)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

what are the benefits of an electrical synaps?

A

rapid, pure diffusion, but it is a simple behavior

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

which synapse form is the pre-dominant form for communication?

A

chemical

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

describe an axo-somatic synapse?

A

in between axon of presynaptic to soma of post-synaptic (IPSP)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

describe an axo-dendritic synapse?

A

axon of pre to dendrite of post (EPSP) this is most common

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

describe axo-axonic synapse?

A

axon to axon, has no effect on ap controls how much neurotrasnmitter is released

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

advantages of chemical synapses?

A

complex behaviors, requires energy, synaptic delay

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

role of the pre-synaptic terminal?

A

synthesis, storage, and release of transmitter

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

role of post-synaptic terminal?

A

receptive process responsible for binding the transmitter to receptor and activation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

where are neurotransmitters stored?

A

vescicles that protect them from enzymatic degradation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

what is one quanta?

A

contents of 1 vescicle, usually a fixed number

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

what is one quanta of ACh

A

2000

23
Q

explain the dale principle

A

a neuron will release the same neurotransmitter at all of its sites

24
Q

explain the co-existence principle

A

some neurons can release more than one transmitter

25
Q

describe the process of neurotransmitter release?

A

AP arrival opens calcium channels, calcium causes vesicles to fuse with membrane, transmitter is released by exocytosis into cleft

26
Q

what is a post-tetanic potentiation?

A

increase in transmitter release after a high frequency train of APs

27
Q

what happens to calcium channels after a high use of the nerve?

A

cacium channels become leaky

28
Q

what enzyme synthesized ACh? what breaks it down?

A

choline acetyltransferase

acetylcholinesterase

29
Q

what is GABA synthesized from?

A

Glutamate

30
Q

are GABA and glycine inhibitory or excitatory?

A

inhibit

31
Q

is glutamate an inhibitory or excitatory transmitter?

A

excitatory

32
Q

significance of glutamate?

A

precursor to GABA

33
Q

what is used to synthesize serotonin?

A

tryptophan

34
Q

what kind of food is tryptophan found in?

A

nuts, cheese, red meat

35
Q

what can happen with a tryptophan deficiency?

A

anxiety and depression

36
Q

what are three types of catecholamines?

A

norepinephrine, epinephrine, dopamine

37
Q

what is needed for catecholamines?

A

tyrosine

38
Q

what produces catecholamines?

A

adrenal medulla

39
Q

T/F low levels of catechalomine circulation is associated with stress

A

false

40
Q

what are the two main receptor functions?

A

recognizing transmitters and activation

41
Q

what are directly gated receptors?

A

one molecule that does both the recognizing and activation (rapid)

42
Q

what are indirectly gated channels?

A

different molecule for recognition function and activation function (slow but long lasting)

43
Q

Name of the ACh directly gated and indirectly gated transmitter

A

directly; nicotinic

indirectly: muscularinic

44
Q

what is the function of the nicotinic receptor and where is it located?

A

it opens both sodium and potassium but potassium over powers EPSP. neuromuscular junction

45
Q

function and location of muscarinic receptor?

A

open/ close potassium can be IPSP or EPSP in PNS

46
Q

what in the response to Glutamate regardless of type

A

EPSP. direct opens sodium indirect idk

47
Q

does dopamine have indirect or direct terminals?

A

indirect either opens potassium or closes calcium (calcium opens vescicles)

48
Q

Name of direct GABA terminals? indirect?

A

GABA A

GABA B

49
Q

Effect of GABA A

A

opens chloride channels (IPSP)

50
Q

Effect of GABA B

A

closes calcium (inhibition)

51
Q

what does an agonist do?

A

binds to recognition portion and produces an effect

52
Q

what does an antagonist do?

A

binds to recognition portion but fails to produce effect. it keeps other receptors from binding

53
Q

how does acetylcholine become inactivated?

A

acetylcholine esterase breaks it into choline and acetate, sent back to presynaptic cleft

54
Q

How do most transmitters get inactivated?

A

with energy they are reabsorbed by the presynaptic element

ES342 (7 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions