Cytology Flashcards

1
Q

Which system is associated with decreases in reflexes?

A

PNS (hyporeflexia)

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2
Q

What system is associated with increases in reflexes?

A

CNS (hyperreflexia)

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3
Q

which nerve cell is excitable?

A

neurons

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4
Q

which nerve cells are non-excitable?

A

glial cells

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5
Q

function of an axon?

A

Action potential is propagated down it

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6
Q

function of the axon hilock?

A

contains a high density of gated sodium channels, where AP is generated

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7
Q

what is average range of axon diameter?

A

.2 micons to 20 micros

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8
Q

Describe the neural doctrine

A

each neuron is a distinct cell whose processes begin at cell body. no continuity

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9
Q

describe the principle of dynamic polarization

A

information flows in a precise and consistent direction

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10
Q

Describe principle of connection specificity?

A

no cytoplasmic continuity, only connect to specific things, precise and specialized contacts

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11
Q

what are the three different shapes of a neuron?

A

unipolar: one neurite, bipolar: two neurites, multipolar: more than two

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12
Q

three functional classifications of neurons?

A

Afferent, efferent, interneurons

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13
Q

7 functions of glial cells?

A

provides firmness, myelin, remove debree, buffer ions, guide neurons to terminal sites, blood brain barrier, shuttle particles from blood to nerves

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14
Q

function of microglia?

A

mobilized after injury, infection or disease. small enough to cross the blood brain barrier

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15
Q

what are the three types of macroglia?

A

oligondendrocytes, schwan cells, astrocytes

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16
Q

function of oligodendrocytes?

A

provide myelin to CNS

17
Q

function of schwann cells?

A

provide myelin in PNS

18
Q

function of astrocytes?

A

Complete all of the function of glial cells

19
Q

T/F glial cells replace neurons that have died

20
Q

which direction does fast anterograde transport move?

A

from cell body to axon terminal

21
Q

which direction does slow anterograde move?

A

from cell body to axon terminal

22
Q

which direction does fast retrograde axoplasmic transport move?

A

from axon terminal to cell body

23
Q

Does fast anterograde transport require energy?

24
Q

motor proteins needed for fast anterograde?

25
rate of transport with fast anterograde?
400- 1000 mm/day
26
what elements are transported by slow axonal transport?
cytoskeletal elements (proteins used for fibrillar elements) and soluble proteins (neurofilaments and microtubules)
27
rate of transport with slow axonal transport?
.2-3 mm/day
28
does the slow axonal transport require energy?
no
29
which transport systems require the use of microtubles?
fast anterograde and retrograde
30
Does fast retrograde require energy?
yes
31
molecule needed for fast retrograde?
dynein
32
function of fast anterograde?
vescicles carry aged organelles to the cell body for repair or degradation
33
somatic efferent neurons are classified as...?
multipolar cells
34
which functional type of neuron is prevalent in the nervous system?
interneurons