Cytology

Question 1

Which system is associated with decreases in reflexes?

Answer 1

PNS (hyporeflexia)

Question 2

What system is associated with increases in reflexes?

Answer 2

CNS (hyperreflexia)

Question 3

which nerve cell is excitable?

Answer 3

neurons

Question 4

which nerve cells are non-excitable?

Answer 4

glial cells

Question 5

function of an axon?

Answer 5

Action potential is propagated down it

Question 6

function of the axon hilock?

Answer 6

contains a high density of gated sodium channels, where AP is generated

Question 7

what is average range of axon diameter?

Answer 7

.2 micons to 20 micros

Question 8

Describe the neural doctrine

Answer 8

each neuron is a distinct cell whose processes begin at cell body. no continuity

Question 9

describe the principle of dynamic polarization

Answer 9

information flows in a precise and consistent direction

Question 10

Describe principle of connection specificity?

Answer 10

no cytoplasmic continuity, only connect to specific things, precise and specialized contacts

Question 11

what are the three different shapes of a neuron?

Answer 11

unipolar: one neurite, bipolar: two neurites, multipolar: more than two

Question 12

three functional classifications of neurons?

Answer 12

Afferent, efferent, interneurons

Question 13

7 functions of glial cells?

Answer 13

provides firmness, myelin, remove debree, buffer ions, guide neurons to terminal sites, blood brain barrier, shuttle particles from blood to nerves

Question 14

function of microglia?

Answer 14

mobilized after injury, infection or disease. small enough to cross the blood brain barrier

Question 15

what are the three types of macroglia?

Answer 15

oligondendrocytes, schwan cells, astrocytes

Question 16

function of oligodendrocytes?

Answer 16

provide myelin to CNS

Question 17

function of schwann cells?

Answer 17

provide myelin in PNS

Question 18

function of astrocytes?

Answer 18

Complete all of the function of glial cells

Question 19

T/F glial cells replace neurons that have died

Answer 19

True

Question 20

which direction does fast anterograde transport move?

Answer 20

from cell body to axon terminal

Question 21

which direction does slow anterograde move?

Answer 21

from cell body to axon terminal

Question 22

which direction does fast retrograde axoplasmic transport move?

Answer 22

from axon terminal to cell body

Question 23

Does fast anterograde transport require energy?

Answer 23

yes

Question 24

motor proteins needed for fast anterograde?

Answer 24

kinesin

Question 25

rate of transport with fast anterograde?

Answer 25

400- 1000 mm/day

Question 26

what elements are transported by slow axonal transport?

Answer 26

cytoskeletal elements (proteins used for fibrillar elements) and soluble proteins (neurofilaments and microtubules)

Question 27

rate of transport with slow axonal transport?

Answer 27

.2-3 mm/day

Question 28

does the slow axonal transport require energy?

Answer 28

no

Question 29

which transport systems require the use of microtubles?

Answer 29

fast anterograde and retrograde

Question 30

Does fast retrograde require energy?

Answer 30

yes

Question 31

molecule needed for fast retrograde?

Answer 31

dynein

Question 32

function of fast anterograde?

Answer 32

vescicles carry aged organelles to the cell body for repair or degradation

Question 33

somatic efferent neurons are classified as…?

Answer 33

multipolar cells

Question 34

which functional type of neuron is prevalent in the nervous system?

Answer 34

interneurons