Synapse Flashcards
SYNAPSE:
what/where
synaptic cleft - between, what occurs here
presynaptic (has)
synaptic vesicle - contains what for what
vesicle types (4.1.1)
active zone - has what
key for synaptic vesicle function + attaches what + botox effect & purpose
- between neuron and second cell (space)
- synaptic cleft: between pre & post-synaptic; where exocytosis occurs
- presynaptic: has mitochondria
- synaptic vesicle: contains ligands for neurotransmission
- active zone: where small vesicles are
- Ca: key for synaptic vesicle fusion (attaches to SNAP 25 which fuses proteins until synaptobrevin pulls vesicle to plasma membrane)
- botox: prevents synaptobrevin & protein from fusing synaptic vesicle into plasma membrane = no neurotransmission
types
- contains ACh, glycine, glutamate, GABA
- contains catecholamines (DA, E, NE, 5-NT, histamine)
- contains neuropeptides (oxytocin, vasopressin, TSH)
SYNAPSE: Types
electrical synapse - how, uses what, no, direction, synaptic cleft size, signal, useful in, function, E/I
chemical synpase - purpose, function, delay, direction, uses what, synaptic cleft size, signal, #, axon as/use, direction
electrical synapse
- using gap junctions (direct), bi-directional
- synaptic cleft: 3mm
- signal: electrical signals
- useful in reflexes; identical function
- excitatory
chemical synapse
- modify transmission; function depends on NT
- 0.5ms delay, using substances, unidirectional only
- synaptic cleft: 20-50mm
- signal: NT
- more abundant
- axon as terminal button
SYNAPSE: EPSP
directly under what, delay
process - AP at (?) = influx = what goes to where = influx = event then reaches what = influx = AP
synaptic summation & temporal - how, result
- directly under synaptic knob
- delay: 0.5ms
- AP at presynaptic cell = Ca influx = exocytosis of NT to postsynaptic cell = Na influx = EPSP til it reaches most excitable part (initial motor segment) = Na influx = AP
- synaptic summation: stimulate multiple sites
- temporal summation: same site multiple times
- more powerful
SYNAPSE: IPSP
process #1 - AP = influx = what goes where = influx/eflux = event
process #2 - AP = influx = what goes where = influx/eflux= event
process #3 - AP - influx = what goes where = ?
golgi type
glycine - E/I in brain vs. spine, does what (conductance)
process #1
- AP = Ca influx = exocytosis of NT to postsynaptic = -Cl (more abundant outside) goes inside = hyperpolarize = inhibited
process #2
- AP = Ca influx = exocytosis of NT to postsynaptic = K (more abundant inside) goes out = hyperpolarize = inhibited
process #3
- AP = Ca influx = exocytosis of NT to postsynaptic = prevent Na gate from opening = no change in RMP
golgi
- type 2 interneuron
- glycine: excitatory in brain, inhibitory in spine; inc Cl conductance
SYNAPSE: Stretch Reflex
pathology, AP goes (2)
pathway 1 - AP at (?) = influx = what goes where = influx = event then reaches what = influx = ?
pathway 2 - AP at (?) = influx = what goes where = influx = event then reaches what = influx = what goes where = influx = event = ?
- reciprocal innervation
- AP goes to agonist & antagonist
pathway 1
- AP = Ca influx = exocytosis of NT to postsynaptic = Na influx = EPSP til reach most excitable segment of axon = Na influx = AP to alpha motor neuron of agonist = contract
pathway 2
- AP = Ca influx = exocytosis of NT to postsynaptic = Na influx = EPSP til reach golgi bottle neuron (AP) = Ca influx = exocytosis of NT to postsynaptic = Cl influx = hyperpolarize =inhibit antagonist
SYNAPSE:
golgi type I - size, where (3), example cell (2)
golgi type II - size, where (2), shape, E/I
golgi type I
- long
- in brain spine peripheral
- purkinje of cerebellar, motor cells of spine
golgi type II
- short, star, within CNS (cerebral & cerebellar cortex)
- inhibitory
