Synapomorphies

Question 1

Onychophora Synapomorphies

Answer 1

1. oral papillae -slime glands
2. peribuccula lobes (mouthparts)
3. tracheal morphology
4. 3. extensively cross-linked nerve strands extending along the underside of body segments

Question 2

Tartigrada Synapomorphies

Answer 2

1. nerve commissure from the protocerebrum to the first trunk ganglion
2. telescopic mouth and legs
3. mitochondrial gene trnI located between genes trnL1 and trnL2

Question 3

Arthropoda Synapomorphies

Answer 3

1. lateral compound eyes
2. cuticle forms exoskeleton
3. jointed appendages
4. specialization of gut

Question 4

Subphylum Hexapoda Synapomorphies

Answer 4

1) Tagmatization (head, throax, abdomen)
2. Labium
3. Loss of abd. appendages

Question 5

Ellipura Synapomorphies

Answer 5

1. Advanced entognathy

2. Linea ventralis

Question 6

Protura Synapomorphies

Answer 6

1. no tentorium
2. no antennae
3. fore-legs modified and

Question 7

Collembola Synapomorphies

Answer 7

1. only 6 abdominal segments
2. collophore tube on AI
3. retinaculum on AIII
4. furcula on AIV

Question 8

Cercophora Synapomorphies

Answer 8

1. Cerci

2. Paired tarsal claws

Question 9

Diplura Synampomorphies

Answer 9

not any good ones

Question 10

Insecta synapomorphies

Answer 10

1. Ectognathy
2. Johnston’s organ
3. flagellomeres
4. tari subsegmented

Question 11

Clade Dicondylia Synapomorphies

Answer 11

1. Dicondylic mandibles

Question 12

Pterygota Synapomorphies

Answer 12

1. wings

Question 13

Ephemeroptera Synapomorphies

Answer 13

1. no functional mouthparts
2. males have enlarged forelegs
3. Turbinate eye

Question 14

Odonata Synapomorphies

Answer 14

1. Pterothorax
2. Auricle
3. prehensile labial mask

Question 15

Neoptera Synapomorphies

Answer 15

1. Third axillary sclerite w/pleural wing-folding muscle
2. Axillary sclerites with lines of flexion
3. Reduction in veins in the wing

Question 16

Dermaptera Synapomorphies

Answer 16

1. Telescoping abdominal segments
2. Hindwing circular with radiating veins
3. Female with A8-A9 internalized. Male has A10 segments

Question 17

Order Zoraptera Synapomorphies

Answer 17

1. 9 segmented antennae
2. 2 segmented tarsomeres
3. hind legs have swollen femora
4. Highly reduced winged venation - no vanus

Question 18

Superorder Dictyoptera synapomorphoes

Answer 18

1. toothed proventriculus
2. Perforated cephalic tentorium
3. enlarged subgenital plate
4. Oothecae

Question 19

Order Mantodea synapomorphies

Answer 19

1. raptorial forelegs

2. prothorax morphology

Question 20

Superorder Acercaria synapomorphies

Answer 20

i. cerci lost
ii. sternum I reduced/lost
iii. abdominal ganglia fused
iv. postclypeus swollen w/dilator muscles (looks like they have a fat upper lip)
v. asymmetrical mandibles
vi. spermatozoans with two flagella

Question 21

Psocodea Synapomorphies

Answer 21

(1) sclerotization in cibarium
(2) polytrophic ovarioles
(3) reduced ovipositor

Question 22

Phthiraptera synapomorphies

Answer 22

1. Unmovable head
2. Short, stout antennae
3. Ectoparasite

Question 23

Thysanoptera synapomorphies

Answer 23

1. pretarsal bladder
2. 3 stylet mouth
3. Atrophied right manidble
4. Cone shaped feeding projection
5. wings bearing fringe of setae

Question 24

Hemiptera synapomorphoes

Answer 24

1. Hemiptera beak

Question 25

Heteroptera synapomorphies

Answer 25

1. gula
2. abdominal scent glands in nymphs
3. hemelytra