Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Insect Taxonomy > Midterm > Flashcards

Midterm Flashcards

1
Q

Classification

A

The grouping of species

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Taxonomy

A

ii. Theory and practice of classifying

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Systematics

A

Sciences of the diversity of organisms. The science dedicated to the discovery, organization and interpretation of diversity

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Determination

A

Identification

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Nomenclature

A

Application of names to species and higher taxa following the rules of the Code of Zoological Nomenclature.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Phylogenetics

A

Study of the genealogical relationships

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Molecular Systematics

A

Systematics that is based on some set of molecular data

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Integrative Systematics

A

Systematics that incorporates available data from all sources

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

g. Beta taxonomy

A

Aspect of taxonomy concerning the arrangement of species in a system.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Scala Naturae

A

the crudest starting point for classification. It was a line

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Downward classification

A

logical division, dichotomies

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Upward classification

A

Assemble similar groups working from bottom and going up

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Polyphyletic theory

A

multiple different events that produced arthropods and we just group these things together.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Monophyletic theory

A

there was one single path to arthropodization

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Onychophora Synapomorphies

A
  1. oral papillae -slime glands
  2. peribuccula lobes (mouthparts)
  3. tracheal morphology
    1. extensively cross-linked nerve strands extending along the underside of body segments
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Tartigrada Synapomorphies

A
  1. nerve commissure from the protocerebrum to the first trunk ganglion
  2. telescopic mouth and legs
  3. mitochondrial gene trnI located between genes trnL1 and trnL2
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Ecdysis

A

the moulting of the cuticle in many invertebrates of the clade Ecdysozoa. Similarity to arthropoda in tardigrada

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

General characteristics of Arthropoda

A
  1. Body segmented
  2. Tagmosis
  3. Open circulatory system - hemocoel
  4. Complete gut
  5. nervous system
  6. ecdysis (molting)
  7. Muscles in segmental bands
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Arthropoda Synapomorphies

A
  1. lateral compound eyes
  2. cuticle forms exoskeleton
  3. jointed appendages
  4. specialization of gut
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Trilobita tagmata

A
  1. Cephalon
  2. Thorax
  3. Pygidium
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Trilobita appendages

A
  1. exite lobes

2. endite lobes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

Crustacea tagmata

A
  1. Cephalothorax

2. Abdomen

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

Chelicerata Tagmata

A
  1. Prosoma (cephalothorax)

2. Opithosoma (abdomen)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

Chelicerata appendages

A

6 pairs

  1. Pair chelicerae
  2. Pair pedipalps
  3. 3 pairs are legs
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

Class Merostomata

A

(Chelicerata) horseshoe crab

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

Class Pycnogonida

A

(Chelicerata) Sea spiders

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

Class Arachnida Tagmata

A
  1. Prosoma

2. Opisthosoma

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

Class Arachnida appendages

A
  1. 1 pair of chelicerae
  2. 1 pair of pedipalps
  3. 4 pairs of legs
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
29
Q

Order Uropygi

A

whipscorpions

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
30
Q

Order Palpigradi

A

micro whip scorpiones

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
31
Q

Order Schizomida

A

short-tailed whip scorpiones

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
32
Q

Order Amblypygi

A

Tail-less whip scorpiones

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
33
Q

Subphylum Myriapoda tagmata

A
  1. Cephalon

2. Trunk

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
34
Q

Subphylum Hexapoda Synapomorphies

A

1) Tagmatization (head, throax, abdomen)
2. Labium
3. Loss of abd. appendages

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
35
Q

Subphylum Hexapoda Characteristics

A
  1. pair of lateral compound eyes
  2. appendages (antennae, mandible, maxillae, 2nd maxillae)
  3. wings often present
  4. gonopore
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
36
Q

Ellipura members

A

Protura + Collembola

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
37
Q

Ellipura sister group

A

Diplura + Insecta

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
38
Q

Ellipura Synapomorphies

A
  1. Advanced entognathy

2. Linea ventralis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
39
Q

Ellipura Characteristics

A
  1. antennal flagellomeres intrinsically musculated
  2. 1 seg tarsi
  3. monocondylic mandibles
  4. wingless
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
40
Q

Protura Synapomorphies

A
  1. no tentorium
  2. no antennae
  3. fore-legs modified and
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
41
Q

Collembola Synapomorphies

A
  1. only 6 abdominal segments
  2. collophore tube on AI
  3. retinaculum on AIII
  4. furcula on AIV
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
42
Q

Cercophora

A

Diplura + Insecta

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
43
Q

Cercophora Synapomorphies

A
  1. Cerci

2. Paired tarsal claws

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
44
Q

Diplura Synampomorphies

A

not any good ones

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
45
Q

Insecta sister group

A

Diplura

46
Q

Insecta synapomorphies

A
  1. Ectognathy
  2. Johnston’s organ
  3. flagellomeres
  4. tari subsegmented
47
Q

Clade Dicondylia Synapomorphies

A
  1. Dicondylic mandibles
48
Q

Members of dicondylia

A

Zygentoma

49
Q

Pterygota Synapomorphies

A
  1. wings
50
Q

Pterygota members

A

everything with wings

51
Q

Ephemeroptera Synapomorphies

A
  1. no functional mouthparts
  2. males have enlarged forelegs
  3. Turbinate eye
52
Q

Odonata Synapomorphies

A
  1. Pterothorax
  2. Auricle
  3. prehensile labial mask
53
Q

Phylogenetics

A

the study of genealogical relationships

54
Q

Parsimony Analysis

A

– a hypothesis of relationships that requires the smallest number of character changes is most likely to be correct.

55
Q

Maximum Likelihood

A

to determine the tree topology, branch lengths, and parameters of the evolutionary model that maximize the probability of observing the sequences at hand

56
Q

Bayesian Analyses

A

combines the information in the prior and in the data likelihood to create the so-called posterior probability of trees, which is the probability that the tree is correct given the data, the prior and the likelihood model

57
Q

Apomorphy

A

A new, modified character state in an evolutionary transformation series.

58
Q

Autapomorphy

A

An apomorphy that is unique to a specific taxon.

59
Q

Character

A

A variable feature (attribute) of a taxon.

60
Q

Character state

A

One of the variant conditions of a character.

61
Q

Cladogram

A

A branching diagram illustrating a hypothesis of phylogenetic relationships among taxa.

62
Q

Clade

A

An entire portion of a phylogeny that is descended from a single ancestral species.

63
Q

Monophyly

A

The state that a group has when it includes a common ancestor and of its descendants

64
Q

Paraphyly

A

The state that a group has when it includes a common ancestor and some, but not all of its descendants.

65
Q

Phylogeny

A

The genealogy of a group of taxa.

66
Q

Polyphyly

A

A state that a group has when its most recent ancestor is assigned to some other group and not the group itself.

67
Q

Plesiomorphy

A

The original, preexisting character state in an evolutionary transformation series.

68
Q

Sister group

A

A species or higher monophyletic taxon that is hypothesized to be the closest genealogical relative of a given taxon exclusive of the ancestral species of both taxa.

69
Q

Synapomorphy

A

A shared character state for a group of taxa which is thought to have originated as an evolutionary novelty in the most recent common ancestor of the taxa.

70
Q

Taxon

A

A named taxonomic unit to which individuals, or sets of species, are assigned.

71
Q

Neoptera Synapomorphies

A
  1. Third axillary sclerite w/pleural wing-folding muscle
  2. Axillary sclerites with lines of flexion
  3. Reduction in veins in the wing
72
Q

Dermaptera Synapomorphies

A
  1. Telescoping abdominal segments
  2. Hindwing circular with radiating veins
  3. Female with A8-A9 internalized. Male has A10 segments
73
Q

Order Grylloblattodea

A

ice crawlers

rock crawlers

74
Q

Order Mantophasmatodea

A

gladiators

heal walkers

75
Q

Order Zoraptera Synapomorphies

A
  1. 9 segmented antennae
  2. 2 segmented tarsomeres
  3. hind legs have swollen femora
  4. Highly reduced winged venation - no vanus
76
Q

Superorder Dictyoptera members

A

Crockroaches, termites, and mantis

77
Q

Superorder Dictyoptera synapomorphoes

A
  1. toothed proventriculus
  2. Perforated cephalic tentorium
  3. enlarged subgenital plate
  4. Oothecae
78
Q

Order Mantodea synapomorphies

A
  1. raptorial forelegs

2. prothorax morphology

79
Q

Evolutionary taxonomy

A

aka eclectic taxonomy. used experts, character weighting and phylogram

80
Q

phylogram

A

a phylogenetic tree whose branch lengths are proportional to how many character changes have been inferred along the branches.

81
Q

Phenetic Classification

A

totally numerical & used a phenogram. used quantified characters and included every single character. Used OTUs and algorithms

82
Q

Phenogram

A

diagram depicting taxonomic relationships among organisms based on overall similarity of many characteristics without regard to evolutionary history or assumed significance of specific characters: usually generated by computer.

83
Q

Cladistic classification

A

a modern form of taxonomy that places organisms on a branched diagram called a cladogram (like a family tree) based on traits such as DNA similarities and phylogeny.

84
Q

Superorder Acercaria members

A

Psocoptera, Phthriaptera, Thysanoptera, Hemiptera

85
Q

Superorder Acercaria synapomorphies

A

i. cerci lost
ii. sternum I reduced/lost
iii. abdominal ganglia fused
iv. postclypeus swollen w/dilator muscles (looks like they have a fat upper lip)
v. asymmetrical mandibles
vi. spermatozoans with two flagella

86
Q

Psocodea membera

A

Psocoptera + Phthiraptera

87
Q

Psocodea Synapomorphies

A

(1) sclerotization in cibarium
(2) polytrophic ovarioles
(3) reduced ovipositor

88
Q

3 suborders of Psocoptera

A
  1. Trogiomorpha
  2. Troctomorpha
  3. Psocomorpha
89
Q

Phthiraptera synapomorphies

A
  1. Unmovable head
  2. Short, stout antennae
  3. Ectoparasite
90
Q

4 suborders of phthiraptera

A
  1. Rhynchophthirina
  2. Ambylcera
  3. Ischnocera
  4. Anoplura
91
Q

Thysanoptera synapomorphies

A
  1. pretarsal bladder
  2. 3 stylet mouth
  3. Atrophied right manidble
  4. Cone shaped feeding projection
  5. wings bearing fringe of setae
92
Q

Hemiptera synapomorphoes

A
  1. Hemiptera beak
93
Q

Senso lato means

A

in the broad sense

94
Q

Senso stricto mean

A

in the narrow sense

95
Q

Homoptera suborders

A

Auchenorrhyncha

Sternorrhyncha

96
Q

Members of Sternorrhyncha

A

coccoids, whiteflies, mealy bugs, scales and aphids

97
Q

Opisthognathous

A

mouthparts between forelegs

98
Q

tectiform wings

A

position of wings is tentlike or rooflike

99
Q

Superfamily Psylloidea members

A

Psyliidae + other families

100
Q

Pytophogous

A

feeding on plants

101
Q

What is a lerp

A

a structure of crystallized honeydew produced by larvae of psyllid bugs as a protective cover

102
Q

Superfamily Aleyrodidae members

A

whiteflies

103
Q

Vasiform orifice

A

synapomorphy of aleyrodidae. A honeydew-excreteing organ -cuplike structure to chuck honeydew away from themselves

104
Q

Superfamily Coccoidea members

A

scale insects and mealybugs

105
Q

Suborder Auchenorryhyncha synapomorphies

A
  1. Tymbals and tympanum

2. Setaceous antennae

106
Q

Infraorder Cicadomorpha members

A

Ciadas
membracids
cercopidae

107
Q

Infraorder Fulgoromorpha members

A

Acanloniidae, Delphacids, Flatidae, Dityopharidae, Derbidae

108
Q

Plesiomorphy

A

ancestral trait

109
Q

Heteroptera synapomorphies

A
  1. gula
  2. abdominal scent glands in nymphs
  3. hemelytra
110
Q

Heteroptera members

A

ENICOCEPHALOMORPHA
DIPSOCOROMORPHA
GERROMORPHA
NEPOMORPHA

Insect Taxonomy (6 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions