symptoms and signs of stroke

Question 1

signs and symptoms depend on

Answer 1

area of the brain affected

Question 2

common carotid vessels anatomy

Answer 2

come up to brain and divide into eternal and internal carotid in middle of brain. the internal slides to form the middle cerebral artery which has a little branch that goes off forward and is the anterior cerebral artery

Question 3

vertebral arteries anatomy

Answer 3

come up and join to form basilar artery nearer the back and then divides at the top to form posterior cerebral arteries

Question 4

communicating arteries

Answer 4

posterior (comes off of the back of middle cerebral artery) and anterior (comes off of anterior cerebral artery)communicating arteries. join together to form circle of Willis

Question 5

blood supply to brain is good because

Answer 5

various mechanisms there to ensure that blood supply continues even if one vessel is occluded

Question 6

brocas area

Answer 6

near front middle (speech)

Question 7

temporal lobe

Answer 7

under brocas area (listening),

Question 8

parietal and Parieto-temporal lobe

Answer 8

back middle (understanding words)

Question 9

wernickes area

Answer 9

middle (speech comprehension)

Question 10

occipital lobes

Answer 10

to see and process vision right at back middle

Question 11

motor cortex

Answer 11

top middle anterior to middle sulcus, to move

Question 12

sensory cortex

Answer 12

top middle posterior to middle sulcus, aware of pain heat and other sensations

Question 13

brain stem

Answer 13

allow to swallow, breath, heart beat, staying awake

Question 14

basiliary artery strokes cause people to be

Answer 14

sleepy and very difficult to keep awake. if alive then breathing and heart rate full affected

Question 15

cerebellum

Answer 15

coordination

Question 16

parts of brain supplied by middle cerebral and anterior cerebral arteries via the internal carotid

Answer 16

parietal, frontal, temporal lobes

Question 17

parts of brain supplied by vertebral and basilar arteries

Answer 17

posterior cerebral territory- occipital lobes, cerebellum and brain stem

Question 18

signs and symptoms of stroke

Answer 18

clumsy or weak limbs, loss of feeling, dysarthria, dysphasia, neglect/visuospatial problems, loss of vision in one eye or hemianopia, gaze palsy, ataxia, vertigo, incoordination, nystagmus

Question 19

symptoms of anterior central artery occlusion

Answer 19

paralysis of contralateral foot and leg, sensory loss over contralateral toes, foot and leg, impairment of gait and stance

Question 20

symptoms of middle cerebral artery occlusion

Answer 20

contralateral paralysis of face/arm/leg, contralateral sensory impairment, contralateral homonymous hemianopia, gaze paralysis to opposite side, aphasia if stroke on dominant (left) side, unilateral neglect for half of external space if non dominant stroke `(small vessel)

Question 21

lacunar stroke problems

Answer 21

devoid of cortical signs eg no dysphasia, neglect, hemianopia. pure motor stroke, pure sensory stroke, dysarthria, ataxic hemiparesis

Question 22

when does lacunar stroke cause major problems

Answer 22

if in the internal capsule or the pons because all fibres are so densely packed together,

Question 23

symptoms of brainstem dysfunction (posterior circulation)

Answer 23

coma, drop attacks, vertigo, nausea, vomiting, cranial nerve palsies, ataxia, hemiparesis, hemisensory loss, crossed sensory motor deficits, visual field deficits

Question 24

stroke subtypes

Answer 24

TACS total anterior circulation stroke, PACS partial anterior circulation stroke, LACS lacunar stroke, POCS posterior circulation stroke

Question 25

mortality and recurrence at 1 year of TACS

Answer 25

60%, 6%

Question 26

mortality and recurrence at 1 year of PACS

Answer 26

16%, 17% (highest early)

Question 27

mortality and recurrence at 1 year of LACS

Answer 27

11%, 9% (constant)

Question 28

mortality and recurrence at 1 year of POCS

Answer 28

19%, 20%