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Respiratory and Cardio > Symptoms and signs of respiratory disease > Flashcards

Symptoms and signs of respiratory disease Flashcards

1
Q

List some common resp symptoms

A 
SOB
Cough
Sputum
Hemoptysis
Wheeze
Chest pain
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2
Q

Ex time-course of symptoms: COPD

A

Gradually gets worse, with episodes of exacerbation from which they may recover

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3
Q

Voice alteration due to

A

Infiltration of recurrent laryngeal nerve in lung cancer

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4
Q

Other relevant respiratory symptoms =

A 
Peripheral oedema
Nocturnal dyspnoea
Swelling of face and arms
Nasal obstruction/secretions/sneezing
Voice alteration
Night sweats
Fever, chills
Weight loss, anorexia
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5
Q

What can cause swelling of face and arms

A

Vena cava blocked by lung tumour

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6
Q

Breathlessness =

A

Dyspnoea

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7
Q

Increased respiratory rate =

A

Tachypnea

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8
Q

Hypoxemia =

A

Low blood O2

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9
Q

Breathlessness is often not associated with =

A

Tachypnea, hypoxemia

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10
Q

What therapy doesn’t always work for SOB

A

O2

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11
Q

Dyspnoea often related to:

A
  • Work of breathing
  • Resp muscle weakness
  • Increased ventilation
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12
Q

What causes increased ventilation?

A

Dead space

Metabolic acidosis

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13
Q

Dead space =

A

Volume of air which is inhaled that does not take part in gas exchange

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14
Q

Anatomical dead space =

A

Remains in the conducting airways

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15
Q

Physiological dead space =

A

Alveoli poorly perfused

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16
Q

Ex of causes of breathlessness (minutes)

A 
PE
Pulmonary oedema
Pneumothorax
Anaphylaxis
Foreign body inhalation
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17
Q

Ex of causes of breathlessness (hrs)

A

Pneumonia
Acute asthma
Pulmonary oedema

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18
Q

Ex of causes of breathlessness (weeks)

A

Cancer
Anemia
Pleural effusion
Heart failure

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19
Q

Ex of causes of breathlessness (months-years)

A

COPD
Interstitial lung disease
Pneumoconiosis
Pulmonary hypertension

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20
Q

Pneumoconiosis is an

A

occupational lung disease

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21
Q

Ex of interstitial lung disease

A

Pulmonary fibrosis

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22
Q

Cough is mediated by what?

A

Vagus nerve

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23
Q

Causes of cough:

A
  • Infection
  • Lung cancer
  • Foreign body inhalation
  • Pulmonary fibrosis
  • Asthma
  • ACE inhibitor
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24
Q

Why do ACHi cause cough?

A

Break down bradykinin - cough and swelling.

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25
Q

Ex of sputum colours

A

Mucoid
Purulent
Haemoptysis

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26
Q

What is mucoid sputum a sign of

A

Viral infection, allergy

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27
Q

What is purulent sputum a sign of

A

Bacteria

Asthma

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28
Q

What causes the yellow colour of sputum?

A

Myeloperoxidases from neutrophils/eosinophils

29
Q

What may cause a large volume of sputum?

A

Bronchiectasis

30
Q

Bronchiectasis =

A

Abnormal dilation of airways, mucus build-up, increased infection risk

31
Q

What may cause a putrid taste to sputum

A

Anerobic bacteria

32
Q

How might anerobes survive in lung?

A

Abscesses

33
Q

Causes of haemoptysis =

A 
Lung cancer
TB
Bronchiectasis
Pulmonary oedema
Pulmonary embolism
Pneumonia
34
Q

Haemoptysis in pulmonary oedema is

A

Pink and frothy

35
Q

Haemoptysis in pneumonia

A

Rust coloured (mixing of blood and myeloperoxidases green)

36
Q

Wheeze =

A

Musical noise produced by air moving through narrowed airways

37
Q

Wheeze is heard on

A

Expiration

38
Q

Similar to wheeze, heard on inspiration

A

Stridor

39
Q

Causes of wheeze =

A

COPD
Asthma
Large airway obstruction: tumour, foreign body

40
Q

Causes of stridor =

A

epiglottis, forign body, trachea, larynx

41
Q

In asthma airways can be obstructed by:

A 
Eosinophils
Mucus plug
Smooth muscle hypertrophy
Goblet cell hyperplasia
Basement membrane thickening
42
Q

What are there non of in the lung?

A

Nociceptors

43
Q

Where does pleuritic chest pain come from?

A

Parietal pleura - highly innervated

44
Q

Pleuritic chest pain feeling =

A

Sharp, stabbing, worse on inspiration, localised

45
Q

Causes of pleuritic chest pain =

A

Pneumonia
Pulmonary embolism
Pneumothorax

46
Q

DD of chest pain =

A
  • Upper retrosternal - trachitis
  • Mediastinal tumor
  • MSK
  • Rib
  • Spinal root
  • Shingles
47
Q

Msk pain

A

Associated with trauma

Worse on inspiration

48
Q

Shingles =

A

Distributed in a dermatome

49
Q

Causes of trachea pushed away =

A

pleural effusion

pneumothorax

50
Q

Causes of trachea towards =

A

Collapse

Fibrosis

51
Q

Normal measure of cricosternal distance =

A

3-4 fingers

52
Q

Normal percussion is

A

Resonant

53
Q

Causes of dull percussion =

A

Consolidation
Collapse
Dense fibrosis

54
Q

Causes of stony dull percussion =

A

Pleural effusion

55
Q

Causes of hyperresonant percussion =

A

Pneumothorax

56
Q

Normal breath sound =

A

Vesicular

57
Q

What causes diminished but vesicular breathing =

A

Pneumothorax
Collapse
Effusion

58
Q

What causes absent breath sounds

A

Effusion

Pneumothorax

59
Q

What causes bronchial breathing

A

Consolidation

60
Q

Crackles are usually heard on

A

Inspiration

61
Q

Pathology of crackles =

A

Explosive opening of multiple occluded small airways

62
Q

What might a crackle due to larger airway secretions do

A

Clear with cough

63
Q

Causes of coarse crackles =

A

Pneumonia

Bronchiectasis

64
Q

Causes of fine crackles =

A

Pulmonary oedema

Pulmonary fibrosis

65
Q

Crackles in pulmonary fibrosis =

A

Fine end-inspiratory crackles

66
Q

Pleural rub =

A

Creaking sound made by inflammed pleural membranes

67
Q

Vocal resonance is increased in

A

Consolidation

68
Q

Whispering pectoriloquy =

A

Whispers sound clear over consolidation

69
Q

Causes of reduced vocal resonance =

A

Pleural effusion
Pneumothorax
Collapse

Respiratory and Cardio (14 decks)

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