Symptoms and differential diagnoses

Question 1

Clubbing: types of causes.

Answer 1

Thoracic, GI, cardiac and rare.

Question 2

Clubbing: respiratory causes.

Answer 2

Chronic cyanosis,
lung cancer (bronchial carcinoma and mesothelioma),
suppurative lung disease (e.g. cystic fibrosis, TB abscess),
fibrosing alveolitis.

Question 3

Clubbing: GI causes

Answer 3

Inflammatory bowel e.g. Crohn’s.
Cirrhosis
Malabsorption e.g. coeliac disease
GI lymphoma.

Question 4

Clubbing: cardiac causes.

Answer 4

Cyanotic congenital heart disease. 
Endocarditis
Atrial myxoma (a rare cardiac tumour).

Question 5

Clubbing: rare causes.

Answer 5

Familial

Thyroid acropachy

Question 6

Unilateral clubbing causes.

Answer 6

Axillary artery aneurysm

brachial arterio-venous malformation.