Blood values Flashcards
ABG: PaO2
> 10 kPa (75 mmHg) when breathing air.
ABG: FiO2
0.21 (on air)
ABG: pH
7.35 - 7.45
ABG: PaCO2
4.7 - 6.0 kPa (35-45 mmHg)
ABG: HCO3
22-26 mmol/L
ABG: base excess
-2 to +2
How do you determine arterial oxygenation from ABG results?
Look at PaO2
How do you determine ventilatory status?
Look at PaCO2
How do you determine gas exchange?
Combination of PaO2 and PaCO2
How do you evaluate acid-base status?
Evaluate pH, PaCO2 and HCO3
What happens when PaCO2 is below 5 kPa and pH is highish?
Respiratory alkalosis
What is a normal lactate?
Less than 1.0 mmol/L
What does hypercalcaemia, high albumin and high urea suggest?
Dehydration
What does high calcium, high albumin and low or normal urea suggest?
a cuffed specimen
What does a high calcium, low or normal albumin, low phosphate and normal urea suggest?
Primary or tertiary hyperparathyroidism.
What does a high calcium, low or normal albumin, normal or high phosphate and high ALP suggest?
Bone mets, sarcoidosis, thryrotoxicosis or lithium.
What does a high calcium, low or normal albumin, normal or high phosphate and normal ALP suggest?
Myeloma, Vit D deficiency, sarcoidosis.
What is hyperkalaemia?
Plasma K+ > 6.5 mmol/L
Concerning signs and symptoms in hyperkalaemia
Fast irrregular pulse, chest pain, weakness, palpitations and lightheadedness
ECG: tented T waves, small P waves, wide QRS and vent fib.
What artefacts can cause apparent hyperkalaemia?
haemolysis, FBC bottle contaminant, thrombocytaemia, delayed analysis.
Give some causes of hyperkalaemia: kidneys, endocrine, iatrogenic, other
Kidney stuff: oliguric renal failure, K+ sparing diuretics.
Endocrine stuff: DM metabolic acidosis, Addison’s.
Iatrogenic: given K+, blood transfusion, drugs.
Other: rhabdomyelosis, burns.
