Symptoms

Question 1

What are the causes of abdominal distension?

Answer 1

Organomegaly
Abdominal effusion
Muscle weakness

Question 2

What type and location of disease results in ascites?

Answer 2

Inflammatory or neoplastic disease at the level of the portal triad

Question 3

What results from resistance to flow at the portal triad?

Answer 3

Intrahepatic portal venous hypertension

Question 4

What are the 2 sequelae from pooling of blood in the gut?

Answer 4

Altered permeability and reduced absorption

Activation of RAAS and sodium retention

Question 5

What results from bile excretion being impaired at 1 hepatic bile duct

Answer 5

Biochemical clues (ALP)

Question 6

What results from obstruction of the biliary tree near the duodenum?

Answer 6

Regurgitation of bile into blood resulting in icterus

Question 7

Is bilirubinuria normal or abnormal in dogs?

Answer 7

2+ or 3+ can be normal with USG over 1.025

Question 8

Is bilirubinuria normal or abnormal in cats?

Answer 8

Bilirubinuria in cats is always associated with hyperbilirubinemia and is always pathological

Question 9

What are the 2 causes of Hepatic Encephalopathy?

Answer 9

Marked reduction in hepatic mass

Portal blood flow diverted by portosystemic venous anastomoses

Question 10

What are the CNS signs of Hepatic Encephalopathy?

Answer 10

Non-localising CNS- depression, ataxia, circling, seizures

Question 11

Most common cause of coagulopathy?

Answer 11

Absence of bile acid fat absorption and subsequent vitamin K absorption, secondary to complete EBDO or transected bile duct

Question 12

Why and where is there bleeding due to severe hepatic disease?

Answer 12

Portal hypertension induced vascular congestion predisposes to bleeding in the stomach and duodenum

Question 13

Is polyuria or polydipsia implicated in hepatobiliary disease?

Answer 13

Increased drinking and urination are signs of serious hepatocellular dysfunction and PSS