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Hepatobiliary Disease > Canine Liver Disease > Flashcards

Canine Liver Disease Flashcards

1
Q

What breeds are predisposed to chronic hepatitis? (7)

A 
Cocker spaniels (American and English)
Terrier (Bedlington, Cairn, Skye, Westie)
Dalmatian 
Doberman
Great Dane 
Labrador
Samoyed
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2
Q

What is the pathological consequence of chronic hepatitis?

A

Portal hypertension

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3
Q

What are the 3 typical clinical signs of portal hypertension?

A

Ascites
GI ulceration
Hepatic encephalopathy

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4
Q

What is the pathophysiological consequence of portal hypertension?

A

Splanchnic congestion
Gut wall edema and
Ascites

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5
Q

What is the common presentation of idiopathic chronic hepatitis?

A

Middle aged dog with high ALT for several months

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6
Q

If significant liver mass is lost due to idiopathic chronic hepatitis, what are typical clinical signs?

A

Vomiting and diarrhoea
Anorexia
PU-PD

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7
Q

In idiopathic chronic hepatitis, what is a negative prognostic indicator at presentation?

A

Ascites

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8
Q

How is idiopathic chronic hepatitis definitively diagnosed?

A

Histopathology

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9
Q

If idiopathic chronic hepatitis is suspected but not confirmed, what are the treatment suggestions?

A

Liver diet (possibly added protein)
SAME (anti inflammatory)
Ursodiol (choleretic)

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10
Q

If idiopathic chronic hepatitis is confirmed with biopsy, what extra treatment options are available?

A

Glucocorticoids
Antifibrotics (colchicine)
Antibiotics

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11
Q

What is the copper storage disease predisposed population of dogs?

A

Young dogs

Bedlington terrier

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12
Q

What is suggestive of copper storage disease?

A

Persistently high ALT

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13
Q

How is copper storage disease managed after biopsy confirmation?

A

Low copper: high zinc diet
Chelating agents
Antioxidants
Retesting every 3 months

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14
Q

What are the common triggers of acute hepatitis in dogs?

A

Canine adenovirus
Leptospirosis

Paracetamol
Phenobarbital 
Carprofen
TMPS
Lomustine
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15
Q

How do dogs present with acute hepatitis?

A 
Vomiting
Hepatic encephalopathy 
Fever
Jaundice 
Coagulopathy
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16
Q

What is necessary for treatment of acute hepatitis?

A

Fluids
Antibiotics if pyrexic
Monitoring BG and electrolytes
Addressing GI ulceration

17
Q

How does a congenital portosystemic shunt present?

A

Young dogs

Neurological/GI/Urinary signs

18
Q

What are the biochemical abnormalities associated with congenital PSS?

A

High bile acids (and ammonia)
Low urea
Low USG

19
Q

How is a congenital PSS diagnosed?

A

Usually microhepatica with a single abnormal vessel is visualised with US or CT

20
Q

What is the management for PSS?

A

Stabilise before surgery and continue for 8 weeks afterward with dietary management, antibiotics and lactulose

21
Q

What is the difference in portal venous pressure between congenital PSS and microvascular dysplasia?

A

High pressure with microvascular dysplasia

Low pressure with PSS

22
Q

What are the consequences of portal hypertension due to a lack of intrahepatic or extrahepatic portal vein branches?

A

The same as those of chronic hepatitis-
Gut wall edema
Ascites

23
Q

What dogs are predisposed to microvascular dysplasia?

A

Yorkshire terriers

Cairn terriers

24
Q

How do dogs with portal vein hypoplasia or microvascular dysplasia present?

A

Hepatic encephalopathy
Ascites
GI bleeding

25
Q

How is microvascular dysplasia diagnosed?

A

Rule out congenital PSS- absence of a grossly demonstrable shunting vessel
Biopsy- intrahepatic portal vein hypoplasia

26
Q

What are the classical signs of biliary tract disease in dogs?

A

Jaundice
Vomiting
Depression

27
Q

What are the biochemical abnormalities associated with biliary tract disease?

A

Hyperbilirubinaemia, AP GGT Bile acids and cholesterol increase.

28
Q

How is a biliary obstruction confirmed?

A

US shows distended bile duct and the obstruction

29
Q

What are the common causes of biliary obstruction symptoms?

A

Pancreatic mass
Cholelith
Gall bladder mucocele
Bile peritonitis

Hepatobiliary Disease (6 decks)

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