Symptomatology In Pulmonolog Flashcards
What are the most common signs and symptoms of respiratory tract diseases?
- cough
- adventitious breathing sounds
- dyspnea
- haemoptysis
- chest pain
What causes a cough?
Defensive reflex
What is the job of a cough?
Clear the airways from: mucus, foreign bodies etc
Where do we find the cough reflexes?
- posterior wall of the throat
- larynx
- tracheal wall
- bronchial wall
Is the cough a symptom or an illness?
Symptom
How do we classify a cough by duration?
British thoracic society
- acute (less than 3 weeks)
- subacute (3-8 weeks)
- chronic (more than 8 weeks)
How do we classify a cough by duration?
Australian and american college chest physicians
- acute (less than 4 weeks)
- chronic (more than 4 weeks)
What is recurrent cough?
- lasting 7-14 days
- non-releated with infection
- appearingat least 2/year
What is post-infectional cough?
- lasting 3-8 weeks
- releated to infection
More cough classification:
- dry
- productive
- barky
- woth dyspnea and/or stridor
Acute cough - causes
- infection of respiratory tract
- rhinovirus, adenovirus, coronavirus, influenza and parainfluenza virus, RS virus
- bacteria (str. Pneumoniae, H. influenzae, M. and Chl. Pneumoniae)
- less common cause - i.e. B. pertussis
Acute cough - other causes:
- foreign body aspiration
- pneumothorax
- allergic reaction
Subacute cough
- post-nasal drip syndrome
- enlarged adenoid tissue
- recurrent UTI infection
Chronic cough:
- infection
- recurring URT infections
- bacterial infection
- TB
- Asthma
- GER/GERD
_______ - CF
- PCD
- ILD
- Malignant lesion
- cardiovascular disorder
Describe the clinical findings of asthma:
- dry
- not releated to infection
- co-presented with dyspnea
- seasonal symptoms
- normal chest x-ray
- wheezes on auscultation
What are the types of wheezes?
- stridor
- wheezes
- sometimes both are present
Stridor:
- on inspiration
- problem in the upper airways
Wheezes:
- on expiration
- narrowing of the bronchi
Stridor - causes:
- viral infection - croup
* bacterial - epiglotitis
How is the dyspnea newborn and infants?
- accessory breathing muscles involvment
- grunting
- tachypnea
- difficulities breathing
- cyanosis
How is the dyspnea in older children?
- tachypnea
- ortopnea
- accessory breathing muscle involvment
- difficulitites speaking (speaks in words instead of full sentences)
- tachycardia
- cyanosis
Dyspnea on inspiration:
- Typically upper respiratory tract
- Co-existing with stridor
Dyspnea on expiration:
- Typically lower reepsiratory tract
- Co-existing with wheezes
Causes of acute dyspnea:
- asthma
- pneumothorax
- anafilactic shock
- trauma
- heart failure
- foreign body aspiration
Causes of chronic dyspnea:
- chronic lung disease
- cardiovascular diseases
- pressure from abdominal cavity
- chest wall deformation
- anemia
- neuromuscular disorder
True haemoptysis:
Source in resporatory tract
Supposd haemoptysis:
Source not in respiratory tract
Chest pain in children and adolescent is……
usually non-heart releated
What is the most common cause of chest pain in children and adolescent?
- muscles (chest wall)
- co-existing with RTI’s (excessive cough) pr GTI’s (excessive vomiting)
For differential diagnosis - for chest pain in children and adolescent?
- chest x-ray
- ECG
Chest pain - causes in respiratory tract:
- tracheitis, bronchitis, penumonia, pulmonary effusion
- pneumothorax
- pulmonary embolism
- asthma exacerbation
- foreign body aspiration
