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Pediatrics PULMONARY > Pneumonia > Flashcards

Pneumonia Flashcards

1
Q

Pneumonia:

A

Pneumonia is an acute inflammatory disease of the distal part of the respiratory tract, whoch manifests usually with fever, cough, dyspnea and infiltrations on chest x ray

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2
Q

Etiology of pneumonia in newborns?

A
  • bacterias are the most common etiologic factors
  • group B streptococci
  • enterobacteriae
  • chlamydia trachomatis
  • listeria monocytogenes
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3
Q

Etiology of pneumonia in 3w. - 3 m.?

A
  • bacterias are the most common etiologic factors
  • strep. Pneumoniae
  • Chlamydia trachomatis
  • Bordetella pertussis
  • Staph. Aureus
  • RSV
  • Parainfluenza
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4
Q

Etiology of pneumonia in 4 m. - 4 y.?

A
  • Viruses are the most common etiologic factors
  • streptococcus pneumoniae the most common bacteria
  • mycoplasma pneumoniae is not an unusual cause of pneumonias in this age group
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5
Q

Etiology of viral lower respiratory tract infections in children?

A
  • RSV
  • Parainfluenza 1, 2, 3
  • Influenza A and B
  • Adenovirus
  • Rhinovirus
  • Human metapneumovirus
  • Coronavirus
  • Human bocavirus
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6
Q

Etiology of pneumonia in >5 y.?

A
  • bacterias are the most common etiologic factors
  • strep. Pneumoniae
  • mycoplasma pneumoniae
  • chlamydophila pneumoniae
  • heamophilus influenzae
  • moraxella catarrhalis
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7
Q

What are the most common symptoms of pneumonia?

A
  • Fever and difficulity breathing are the most common presenting symptoms of pneumonia.
  • The absence of fever has a negative predictive value of up to 97%
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8
Q

What are generally the symproms of pneumonia?

A
  • cough, lethargy, poor feeding and an ‘unwell’ child

- localized chest or abdominal pain os a feature of pleural irritation

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9
Q

Percussion and auscultation findings in pneumonia?

A
  • dullness to percussion
  • crackles
  • bronchial breathing
  • wheeze - more suggestive of viral and mycoplasma infection
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10
Q

What are the objective clinical signs of pneumonia?

A
  • skin color
  • retractions and use of accessory muscles
  • the presence of conjuctivitis in infants less than 3 months old with prominent cough suggests chlamydia trafhomatis infection
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11
Q

not done slide 13

A

Extrapulmonary symptooms of m. Pneumoniae infection

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12
Q

WHO def. of Tachypnea in children <2 months of age?

A

More than 60 breaths/min in children <2 months of age

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13
Q

WHO def. of Tachypnea children aged 2-12 months?

A

More than 50 breaths/min in children aged 2-12 months

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14
Q

WHO def. of Tachypnea in children aged > 12 months?

A

More than 40 breaths/min in hcildren aged >12 months

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15
Q

WHO def. of Tachypnea in children aged >5 years

A

More than 30 breaths/min in children > 5 years

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16
Q

DIDN’T DO SLIDE 15

A

Indication for hospital admission

17
Q

Investigation for pneumonia:

A

Acute phase reactants

  • total leukocyte and neurrophil count
  • CRP
  • Procalcitonin
  • Erythrocyte sedimentation rate
18
Q

When do we investigate electrolites?

A

It should be done of the patient is severely ill or shows the evidence of dehydration

  • inappropriate secretion of antidiuretic hormone - results hyponatremia and low plasma osmolality (less than 280 m.osm./l).
  • treatment is with fluid restriction
19
Q

Micrpbiological investigation - community:

A

There is no indication for microbiological investigation of the child with penumonia in the community

20
Q

DIDNT DO SLIDE 19

A

Microbiological investigation in hospital

21
Q

Follow up chest radiography should only be performed in case of:
(Radiologic investigation)

A
  • lobar collapse
  • round pneumonia
  • continuing symptoms
22
Q

Treatment of pneumonia?

A
  • amoxicillin ( first choicen for oral antibiotics)

- macrolide (may be added at any age if there is no response to first-line therapy)

23
Q

When is macrolide used in the treatment of pneumonia?

A
  • macrolide (may be added at any age if there is no response to first-line therapy)
  • macrolide antibiotics sjould be used if either mycoplasma or chlamydia pneumonia is suspected in very severe disease
24
Q

What do we use to treat pneumonia associated woth influenza?

A

Co-amoxiclav is recomended

25
Q

What doe we use to treat pneumonia in newborns?

A

Antibiotics

  • ampicyllin iv (+/-) aminoglycosid iv
  • III generation cephalosporin (+/-) aminoglycosid
26
Q

What do we use to treat pneumonia in children 3 w. - 3 m.?

A
  • Strep. Pneumoniae
    • ampicyllin, amoxicillin
  • C. Trachomatis or B. Pertussis
    • erythromycin
27
Q

What doe we use to treat pneumonia in children 4 m. - 4 y.?

A

Amoxicillin

  • see slide 28
28
Q

What doe we use to treat pneumonia in children > 5 y.?

A
  • Amoxicillin

- Macrolides

Pediatrics PULMONARY (4 decks)

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