Symphony No. 26 in D minor: 'Lamentatione' - movment 1 - Haydn.

Question 1

What is the background of the Symphony No. 26 in D minor: ‘Lamentatione’?

Answer 1

1768.
Symphony.
Early Classical.
Sturm and Drang characteristics.
Religious - plainsong - Christ and Jews.

Question 2

What are the Sturm and Drang aspects of the Symphony No. 26 in D minor: ‘Lamentatione’? 3

Answer 2

‘Storm and stress.’

1. Beginning in minor key.
2. Tense harmony - diminished seventh chords/suspensions (syncopations).
3. Rhythmic opening tension - violins/oboes syncopated against on beat lower strings/bassoons.

Question 3

What are the classical features of the Symphony No. 26 in D minor: ‘Lamentatione’? 7

Answer 3

1. Repeated ideas - change in mood.
2. Standard exposition repeat.
3. Violin I - main melody.
4. Descending 5th - circle of 5ths.
5. Appoggiaturas.
6. Clear phrases separation.
7. Recapitulation in tonic major.

Question 4

What is the instrumentation of the Symphony No. 26 in D minor: ‘Lamentatione’? 7

Answer 4

1. Violas double cellos - octave higher/unison.
2. DB doubles cellos - octave lower.
3. No conductor - conducted from violin.
4. May be continuo - harpsichord.
5. Violin I - melodic interest e.g. broken chords - 17.
6. Double stopping.
7. Mostly arco - some staccato.

Question 5

What is the texture of the Symphony No. 26 in D minor: ‘Lamentatione’? 7

Answer 5

1. 1-8 - 2 part texture - octave doubling - contrapuntal.
2. Homorhythmic - 9.
3. Unison - 43.
4. Mainly 3/4 part writing.
5. Mainly melody dominated homophony.
6. Countermelody - violin I - 17.

Question 6

What is the structure of the Symphony No. 26 in D minor: ‘Lamentatione’?

Answer 6

Sonata form.
Standard exposition repeat.
1st subject - Dm.
2nd subject - relative Fmj - 17.
Codetta - 40-44.
Development - 45.
Recapitulation - 80.
Modified bridge - 95-100.
Brief coda - 122.

Question 7

What is the tonality of the Symphony No. 26 in D minor: ‘Lamentatione’? 5 keys

Answer 7

Tonic D minor.
F major: relative major - 2nd subject - 17.
Development - Fmj  - 10 bars.
Gm: subdominant minor - 55.
Am: dominant minor - 65.
Dmj: tonic major - 100.

Question 8

What is the harmony of the Symphony No. 26 in D minor: ‘Lamentatione’? 9

Answer 8

1. Functional - I-V7 frequent.
2. I-Vb imperfect - 9.
3. Circle of 5ths - 57.
4. Diminished 7th - 4.
5. 9-8 suspension - 4.
6. 4-3 suspension - 2.
7. Broken diminished chord - 69.
8. Double suspension - 25.
9. Appoggiatura chord - 31.

Question 9

What is the melody of the Symphony No. 26 in D minor: ‘Lamentatione’? 8

Answer 9

1. Second subject: conjunct - widest - perfect 5th.
2. Countermelody - broken chords - 17.
3. Violin I - 3 repeated note phrase, then major 6th - suspensions against bass.
4. Four semitone descents (F–E) (appoggiaturas/trills): 9-12.
5. Periodic phrasing - 1-16.
6. Second subject - less regular phrasing.
7. Sequence - 54.
8. Circle of 5ths - 57.

Question 10

What is the rhythm and metre of the Symphony No. 26 in D minor: ‘Lamentatione’? 4

Answer 10

1. Syncopation.
2. Rests for articulation - separate four ‘sighs’
3. Simple quadruple - 4/4.
4. Tempo indicates minim beat - but ambiguous.