Pavane and Galliard - Holborne.

Question 1

When was the Pavane and Galliard written/background?

Answer 1

Renaissance.
Consort music (domestic music in Elizabethan England).
Pavane - moderately slow courtly dance - couples in a professional style/duple time.
Galliard - energetic/triple time.
Unlikely to be a matching pair.
Sweelinck - similar composer.

Question 2

What is the structure of the Pavane and Galliard?

Answer 2

Tri parte structure - each movement has x3 repeats.
AA BB CC form.
Cadences every 4 bars in A and B.
Galliard - 8 bars - 4+4.

Question 3

What is the texture of the Pavane and Galliard?

Answer 3

5 part polyphonic texture.
Imitation - pavane 18 - galliard - 17.
Little crossing of parts - few exceptions.
E.g. pavane 41 - tenor viole goes above the two trebles.
Homorhythmic - 40p.

Question 4

What is the tonality of the Pavane?

Answer 4

First strain: tonic Dmj.
Amj 10, Gmj 11, Amj 13, Dmj 14.

Second strain:
Gmj, Dmj, Am, Amj, Em 27, Dmj, 28, Amj, 31.

Third strain:
Dmj, Gmj, Amj.
Finishes Dmj.

Each strain concludes with a perfect cadence.

Question 5

What is the tonality of the Galliard?

Answer 5

First strain: 4+4, imperfect, perfect.
More modal - Dorian.
Final chord - tierce de Picardie.

Second strain: 4+4, dominant perfect cadence, Phyrgian cadence in Dm.
Moves from Dm to Am.

Third strain: 4+4, imperfect in Fmj (relative major), perfect in Dm.
Begins unambiguously in Fmj, briefly to Cmj 21, returns to tonic Dm 23 for the final tierce de Picardie cadence.

Question 6

What is the harmony of the Pavane and Galliard? 6

Answer 6

1. Accented passing note - 1p.
2. Unaccented passing note - 1g.
3. 7-6 suspension - 4p.
4. 4-3 suspension - 5p.
5. False relation - 11p. C natural and C#.
6. Tonic pedal - 34p.

Question 7

What is the instrumentation of the Pavane and Galliard?

Answer 7

5 unbroken consort of viols.
2 trebles.
1 tenor.
2 basses.
Bowed/fretted string instruments - held on lap/floor.
Not yet idiomatic writing.
Mostly equal importance.
Bass - pedal points/chordal.

Question 8

What is the melody of the Pavane and Galliard? 7

Answer 8

1. 1st viole - melodic lead.
2. Conjunct.
3. One octave leap.
4. Intervals usually only to a perfect 5th.
5. Narrow range - 9th and 7th.
6. Different melodies, BUT similar instrumental limitations e.g. descending scales.
7. Inversions - p6.
8. Idiomatic.

Question 9

What is the rhythm and metre of the Pavane?

Answer 9

Duple time.
Top 4 parts move smoothly.
Idiomatic.

Question 10

What is the rhythm and metre of the Galliard?

Answer 10

Simple triple metre - 3/2.
6/4 time - compound duple.
Dotted crotchet-quaver rhythms.
Close rhythmic imitation - 1.
Homorhythmic - 13.
Hemiola - 6.
Syncopation - 1.