Symphony

Question 1

What does the word symphony mean?

Answer 1

Sounding together (Classical)

Question 2

What did the symphony develop from?

Answer 2

The Sinfonias that preceded operas that had 3 movements (fast-slow-fast). The Manheim composers then added a Menuet and Trio in, creating the sonata cycle. Symphonies embraced these new musical structures. Additionally, the basso continuo was replaced with independent orchestral parts. (Classical)

Question 3

What was the Manheim court orchestra?

Answer 3

A court orchestra run under Elector Palatine Charles Theodore based in Manheim, Germany that was known for its precision and innovative orchestral techniques. As a result, it influenced composers such as Haydn and Mozart and thus contributed to the development of the symphony (Classical)

Question 4

What was the Manheim school?

Answer 4

A school of composers of the court of Manheim that developed many techniques such as the Manheim rocket, roller, crescendo, sigh and the grand pause that influenced the Viennese scho ol of composers (Classical)

Question 5

What is a Symphony?

Answer 5

The most important genre of Classical music that usually involved 4 movements performed by the whole orchestra (Classical)

Question 6

Musical characteristics of Haydn Symphony No. 104 First movement

Answer 6

Introduction: Fanfare-like homophonic texture creates a very dramatic and majestic quality. This is followed by chromatic passages creating a sense of mystery while still repeating the first melody
Exposition: First theme starts off with a simple, joyous melody. The bridge modulates dramatically to the second theme. The second theme is the same as the first but in A major and only played by strings and woodwinds. Finally, the codetta closes it out with a playful but majestic melody.
Development: In the relative minor of D major, B minor and repeats a motive while creating complex modulations
Recapitulation: The bridge does not reach to a second key but instead grounds the second theme on the tonic key, this time with woodwind countermelodies
Coda: Dramatic close (Classical)

Question 7

ALL CHARACTERISTICS OF HAYDN SYMPHONY NO. 104

Answer 7

Background: Last Haydn Symphony, represents a culmination of years of compositional experience
Form: Sonata form for the first movement
Genre: Symphony
Composer: Haydn
Date: 1795
Structure: 4 movements demonstrating a sonata cycle
Performing forces: Orchestra (Classical)