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Health Disease Therpeutics 1.1 > sympathetic nervous system > Flashcards

sympathetic nervous system Flashcards

1
Q

What is the sympathetic pathway

A

cell body in lateral horn of thoracic spinal cord- ganglion in sympathetic chain- target organ

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2
Q

Where do neurons of sympathetic nerves start

A

THROACOLUMBER OUTFLOW

- begin at thoracic and lumber (T1-L2/L3)

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3
Q

what is the primary neurotransmitter for symathetic pathway in pre and post ganglionic fibres

A 
ACh = pre ganglionic fibre
NA= post ganglionic fibre
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4
Q

What are chromaffin cells

A
  • modified post ganglionic cell in adrenal medulla
  • lost axon
  • secrete A direct into Blood stream
  • directly innervated by pre-ganglionic fibres
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5
Q

What is the primary neurotransmitter for post ganglionic sudomotor neurons (innervating sweat and arrector pilli)

A

Ach in the POST GANGLIONIC

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6
Q

Where is the location of the 3 sympathetic autonomic ganglia (on the neck)

A 
SCG= c2/ c3
MCG= C6 
ICG= C7/T1 (contains the stellate ganglia)
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7
Q 
What does the ganglion supply
-SCG?
Coeliac ganglion?
SMesentericG?
IMesentericG?
A 
SCG= heart, larynx, trachea, bronchi, lung
CG= kidney, oescophegus, stomach, small intestine
SMG= Large intestine
IMG= Large intestine, kidney, adrenal gland, bladder, reproductive organs
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8
Q

How can we test the effects of sympathetic innovation on blood flow of the patient?

A
  • Injection of local anaesthetic around the stellate gangllion
  • preganglionic and postganglionic fibres are inactivated
  • sympathetic paralysis in the head, neck and upper limb of that side
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9
Q

How is a successful stellate block demonstrated by

A
  • warm, dry hand
  • horners syndrome, constricted pupil
  • ptosis (drooping) of the upper eyelid
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10
Q

What is the pathway of the postganglionic sympathetic neurons

A

happens after the preganglionic neronal pathway

  • Synapses at the sympathetic ganglion in the sympathetic chain
  • post ganglionic neurons depart via the grey ramus comminicans (unmyelinated)
  • then goes via the dorsal ramus (supply the back body) or the ventral ramus (supply the anterior body)
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11
Q

What is the route of pre ganglionic neurones?

A
  • departs from the lateral horn T1-L2
  • passes through the ventral root
  • efferent away from the lateral horn towards the effector organs
  • Enters the sympathetic chain via the white ramus communicans (myelinated
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12
Q

What are the sympathetic autonomic ganglia and where are they located

A

Either side of the neck

Superior cervical ganglia
Middle cervical ganglia
Inferior cervical ganglia

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13
Q

Where is Ach released in sympathetic NS

A
  • adrenal medulla in PNS

- nicotinic receptors in the CNS and muscarinic receptor in Para

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14
Q

What is the mechanism of action of haemethonium

A
  • blocks nicotinic receptors of both symp and para
  • affects all autonomic stimulation
  • not competitive
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15
Q

What are the 5 different types of adrenoceptors

A 
a1- Con Smooth muscle (VC)
a2- VC, pre synaptic
b1- ^ heart rate+ contract
b2- smooth muscle relax (VD+ bronchodialation)
b3 - relax smooth muscle, lipolysis
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16
Q

What is the pathway of Noradrenaline in the nerve terminal

A
  • NAd is synthesised by tyrosine into a vesicle and released by exocytosis
  • uptake 1 : then is then taken up by naT - MAO breaks down
  • uptake 2: taken up in other cell types- NA broken down by COMT
17
Q

What do NET inhibitors do

A

Noreperepherin transporters inhibit effects of sympathetic activity
- NET uptake dopamine and seritonin too

18
Q

What are some drugs that are noreponephrine transporter antagonists

A
  • cocaine
  • tricyclic antidepressants
  • phenoxybenzamine
19
Q

How do NAT antagonists work

A
  • inhibit NAT, NAD will stay in nerve terminal
  • inhibit NAT and Dopamine T
  • mimic action of sympatheti c nervous system
20
Q

How is cocaine used clinically and why

A
  • sodium ion channel blocker
  • good anaesthetic amplifies sympathetic transmission
  • lidocaine comes from cocaine
21
Q

What do MAO inhibitors do

A
  • block MAO irreversibly
  • increase NAD D and S
  • used as antidepressents
  • weight gain, cheese reaction, postural hypotension
22
Q

What are indirectly acting sympathetic amines and why are they not used anymore

A

AMFETAMINE

  • effects speed, mimics NA and displaces it from NET
  • similar effect on dopamine in CNS
  • long lasting
  • Used as abuse for CNS effects
23
Q

What will be the cause if we inhibit ACh esterase

A
  • good for disease myosenic gravis (not enough nicotinic receptors)
  • can cause death in normal beings
  • future may be used as cognitive inhancers
24
Q

What does a sympathetic splanchnic nerve do

A
  • passes through the sympathetic chain
25
Q

What do pre synaptic nerves that ascend to the superior cervical ganglion innovate

A
  • pupil dialation

- inhibits salvation

Health Disease Therpeutics 1.1 (9 decks)

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