Sx of Ovaries & Uterus - Dr, Spackman Flashcards
What are the 2 presentations of ovarian cysts
functional and non functional
clinical signs of nonfunctional ovarian cyst
incidental finding - no CS
clinical signs of functional ovarian cysts
usually seen in young adult dogs (<3 years) or cats (<5 years)
follicular cysts secrete estrogen
luteal cysts secrete progesterone
CS based on which hormones secreted:
prolonged stage of estrus
vaginal bleeding (dog)
attractiveness to males
standing heat
what is the most common functional ovarian cyst?
CS
follicular cyst
produce estrogen therefore:
CS or hx of prolonged proestrus or estrus w/ prolonged bloody vulvar discharge, swelling &, attractiveness to males
what type of ovarian cyst might be associated w/ pyometra
functional follicular ovarian cyst
d/t estrogen produced
signalment associated w/ ovarian cysts
young adult, intact animals
bitches < 3 years old
queens < 5 years old
tx for ovarian cysts
px
- for breeding animals*:
- may* resolve spontaneously
GnRH
HCG
cyst removal
unilateral OVE
non breeding animals:
OVE or OHE curative
unless removed can reoccur!
why is pyometra associated w/ ovarian neoplasia
Granulosa cell tumors are functional hormone producing tumors
Estrogen
prolonged proestrus -> pyometra
what are the different tissue of origin for ovarian neoplasias and which neoplasias come from each type
Epithelial - 50% = adenoma or adenocarcinoma
Stromal - 40% = granulosa cell tumor
Germ cell = dysgerminoma or teratoma
- seen in young dogs (<5 y.o.)
likelihood of metastatic dz w/ ovarian neoplasia
difference between dogs & cats
significance of a metastatic, functional ovarian tumor
ovarian neoplasia estimated to have a 1% occurance rate in dogs, info on cats unknown!
20-30% metastasize
chances are since seen in older dogs, mostly incidental findings, that the dog will die of something else besides neoplasia
Px for a solitary (non-metastatic) ovarian tumor
Good!
etiology of ovarian remnant syndrome in dogs & cats
failure to remove all ovarian tissue!
more common in cats
CS of ovarian remnant syndrome (ORS)
recurrence of estrus following OHE/OVE
CS: signs of estrus
why is vaginal bleeding not typically seen w/ ORS?
Duh!
you removed the uterus! unless you did an OVE
dx of ORS in dogs
Vaginal cytology
- mimics normal heat cycle
hormone levels
- estrogen > 15pg/mL
- progesterone > 2 ng/mL
remember cats are induced ovulators so will need lutenization (HCG) to evaluate progesterone
where do you need to look for the remnant
remnant usually at caudal pole of kidney
what are the similarities between ovariectomy & OHE
removal of hormones to eliminate estrus & pregnancy
what are the differences between ovariectomy & OHE
Ovariectomy = surgical removal of ovaries
- quicker sx/recovery
- easier to do laparoscopically than OHE
- standard of practice everwhere except US & UK
OHE = surgical removal of ovaries & uterus
etiology of pyometra
prolonged/elevated progesterone levels -> growth/secretions of endometrial glands-> cystic endometrial hyperplasia->>uterine drainage inhibited-> fluid accumulation-> decr mononuclear response->> bacterial colonization
Granulosa cell tumor, functional ovarian cysts = source of hormones
estrogen increases/sensitizes progest. receptors
E. coli most common bacteria
typical hx of dog w/ pyometra
middle aged intact female (8 y.o.)
post several non gravid cycles
occurs 4-8 wks post heat cycle
also seen in dogs that have been given “mismate shots” (cats too)
the progestins in mismate predispose to pyo
o forgot to have spayed
ascending bacterial infection
