Sx of Ovaries & Uterus - Dr, Spackman

Question 1

What are the 2 presentations of ovarian cysts

Answer 1

functional and non functional

Question 2

clinical signs of nonfunctional ovarian cyst

Answer 2

incidental finding - no CS

Question 3

clinical signs of functional ovarian cysts

Answer 3

usually seen in young adult dogs (<3 years) or cats (<5 years)

follicular cysts secrete estrogen

luteal cysts secrete progesterone

CS based on which hormones secreted:

prolonged stage of estrus

vaginal bleeding (dog)

attractiveness to males

standing heat

Question 4

what is the most common functional ovarian cyst?

CS

Answer 4

follicular cyst

produce estrogen therefore:

CS or hx of prolonged proestrus or estrus w/ prolonged bloody vulvar discharge, swelling &, attractiveness to males

Question 5

what type of ovarian cyst might be associated w/ pyometra

Answer 5

functional follicular ovarian cyst

d/t estrogen produced

Question 6

signalment associated w/ ovarian cysts

Answer 6

young adult, intact animals

bitches < 3 years old

queens < 5 years old

Question 7

tx for ovarian cysts

px

Answer 7

• for breeding animals*:
• may* resolve spontaneously

GnRH

HCG

cyst removal

unilateral OVE

non breeding animals:

OVE or OHE curative

unless removed can reoccur!

Question 8

why is pyometra associated w/ ovarian neoplasia

Answer 8

Granulosa cell tumors are functional hormone producing tumors

Estrogen

prolonged proestrus -> pyometra

Question 9

what are the different tissue of origin for ovarian neoplasias and which neoplasias come from each type

Answer 9

Epithelial - 50% = adenoma or adenocarcinoma

Stromal - 40% = granulosa cell tumor

Germ cell = dysgerminoma or teratoma

• seen in young dogs (<5 y.o.)

Question 10

likelihood of metastatic dz w/ ovarian neoplasia

difference between dogs & cats

significance of a metastatic, functional ovarian tumor

Answer 10

ovarian neoplasia estimated to have a 1% occurance rate in dogs, info on cats unknown!

20-30% metastasize

chances are since seen in older dogs, mostly incidental findings, that the dog will die of something else besides neoplasia

Question 11

Px for a solitary (non-metastatic) ovarian tumor

Answer 11

Good!

Question 12

etiology of ovarian remnant syndrome in dogs & cats

Answer 12

failure to remove all ovarian tissue!

more common in cats

Question 13

CS of ovarian remnant syndrome (ORS)

Answer 13

recurrence of estrus following OHE/OVE

CS: signs of estrus

Question 14

why is vaginal bleeding not typically seen w/ ORS?

Answer 14

Duh!

you removed the uterus! unless you did an OVE

Question 15

dx of ORS in dogs

Answer 15

Vaginal cytology

• mimics normal heat cycle

hormone levels

• estrogen > 15pg/mL
• progesterone > 2 ng/mL

remember cats are induced ovulators so will need lutenization (HCG) to evaluate progesterone

Question 16

where do you need to look for the remnant

Answer 16

remnant usually at caudal pole of kidney

Question 17

what are the similarities between ovariectomy & OHE

Answer 17

removal of hormones to eliminate estrus & pregnancy

Question 18

what are the differences between ovariectomy & OHE

Answer 18

Ovariectomy = surgical removal of ovaries

• quicker sx/recovery
• easier to do laparoscopically than OHE
• standard of practice everwhere except US & UK

OHE = surgical removal of ovaries & uterus

Question 19

etiology of pyometra

Answer 19

prolonged/elevated progesterone levels -> growth/secretions of endometrial glands-> cystic endometrial hyperplasia->>uterine drainage inhibited-> fluid accumulation-> decr mononuclear response->> bacterial colonization

Granulosa cell tumor, functional ovarian cysts = source of hormones

estrogen increases/sensitizes progest. receptors

E. coli most common bacteria

Question 20

typical hx of dog w/ pyometra

Answer 20

middle aged intact female (8 y.o.)

post several non gravid cycles

occurs 4-8 wks post heat cycle

also seen in dogs that have been given “mismate shots” (cats too)

the progestins in mismate predispose to pyo

o forgot to have spayed

ascending bacterial infection