Dentistry, Head & Neck sx

Question 1

proper dental terminology including anatomical and directional terms

Question 2

Anatomical and Triadan system of numbering teeth

Answer 2

Anatomical system

Teeth are labeled based on what tooth they are, i.e. M=molar, I=incisor, etc. and then a number is placed to either the right or left of the letter depending on what side of the mouth you are on and it is either a superscript or subscript depending on whether the tooth is in the maxilla or the mandible

Triadan system

each tooth is assigned a 3-digit number. The first number corresponds to the quadrant the tooth is in and the second and third numbers refer to the tooth itself.

Question 3

Recognize abnormal pathology, including malocclusions, periodontal disease, tooth fractures,

endodontic disease (including pulpitis) and caries, impacted teeth, etc. recommend treatment options for above conditions

.

Question 4

describe the stages of periodontal disease

Answer 4

Stage 0

-Normal: Gingival tissue is firm, pink or pigmented with defined stipling and minimal sulcular depth. (Normal depth in dog is 1 to <3mm and 0-1mm in cats)

Stage 1

-Gingivitis: Erythema, gums bleed when probed, loss of stipling but sulcular depth is still normal.

Stage 2

-Early Periodontitis: Normal or hyperplastic topography, gums bleed when probed, minor pocket development (3-5mm in dogs and 1-2mm in cats), +/- minimum bone loss (<25%), usually no mobility except incisors of small dogs and cats

Stage 3

-Moderate Periodontitis: Moderate to deep pocket formation (5-6mm in dogs and 3mm in cats), may note hyperplasia or gingival recession, 25-50% bone loss, abnormal gingival topography, slight mobility, moderate mobility of incisors.

Stage 4

• Advanced Periodontitis: Severe pocket depth (>6mm in dogs and >3 mm in cats) and/or gingival recession usually with some furcation exposure, >50% bone loss and advanced tooth mobility.

Question 5

steps and instrumentation used when performing a dental cleaning

Answer 5

Instruments and materials needed:

Chlorhexidine rinse

Periodontal probe- measuring sulcus depth

Dental explorer - check for pulp exposure and dental caries

Scalers - various angles and shapes for supragingival cleaning only

Curettes - for supragingival or subgingival cleaning

Dental mirror (retractor)

Ultrasonic scaler - cleaning the crown

Disclosing solution

Low speed hand piece with a prophy angle - polishing

Prophy paste

Fluoride ??

Steps in a “Complete ” Dental Cleaning

1. Examine the oral cavity
2. Gross calculus removal- done with calculus removal forceps,scaler, curette or ultrasonic scaler
3. Diagnostics - periodontal probing (check sulcus depth) and checking for mobility are minimum database, radiographs are strongly recommended – significant additional findings about 50% of time - when these are performed may vary depending on severity of disease and personal preference
4. Subgingival calculus removal - with curette or some ultrasonic scalers and shallow pocket
5. Missed plaque/calculus detection- disclosing agent or air drying
6. Polish-smooths out grooves you made in enamel
7. Sulcus irrigation- removes debris which can irritate or cause infection in sulcus
8. +/- Barrier sealant application– e.g. OraVet ® and Sanos®
9. Final charting - chart anything that is abnormal, extracted teeth
10. Home care

Question 6

describe how loss of attachment is determined and know its importance in assessing treatment of

periodontal disease

Answer 6

PERIODONTAL INDEX

•Measures the amount of overall tissue loss. While gingival recession measures the apical migration of the free gingival margin from the cemento‐enamel junction (CEJ), a pocket may also be present

The recession measurement PLUS the pocket depth equals the amount of attachment loss

Assessing attachment loss gives better overall picture of state of periodontal disease rather than just measuring sulcus depth

Question 7

Recognize and treat specific diseases such as tooth resorption lesions and feline gingivostomatitis complex, canine ulcerative paradental stomatitis

Question 8

Indications and methods for performing dental radiography

Question 9

indications and theory behind endodontic therapy.

Question 10

differentiate between vital

pulpotomy and complete root canal

Question 11

What constitutes a dental emergency?

Question 12

common indications for tooth extraction.

Question 13

principles of tooth extraction?

Question 14

how to extract single and multi

-

rooted teeth

Question 15

indications for surgical and nonsurgical tooth extraction

Question 16

common causes of oronasal fistulas in dog

Question 17

pathophysiology of electrical c

ord (electric shock) injuries.

Question 18

keys for successful suturing in the oral cavity.

Question 19

when to use one

-

layer and two layer closures

in managing maxillary defects

and the

advantages/disadvantages of each.

Question 20

management options for traumatic

cleft palate.

Question 21

r traumatic

cleft palate. This problem is often associated with what

syndrome in small animals

Question 22

at other injuries are commonly seen with this syndrome

Question 23

salvage techniques for animals with uncorrectable palate defects.

Question 24

differentia

te the common oral tumors of dogs by biological activity, site predilection, if any,

treatment options, and prognosis

Question 25

common oral tumors of cats

Question 26

tumors of dental tissue origin. What do the terms inductive and noninductive mean relativ

e

to these tumors?

Question 27

two primary nomenclature schemes used for the “epulides”. How does the biological activity

of the different types differ?

Question 28

typical signalment of dogs with Undifferentiated Malignant Oral Tumors. Know the biological

a

ctivity of this tumor.

Question 29

types of mandibulectomy and maxillectomy procedures and likely effects of these procedures

on postoperative appearance and function. Know the common postoperative complications.

Question 30

ty

pical etiologies of lip avulsion.

Question 31

surgically manage lip avulsion.

Question 32

surgical options for lip reconstruction. What

are

the keys to a successful functional and

cosmet

ic result?

Question 33

major salivary glands of the dog and cat. Know their anatomic locations, regional anatomy

and the locations of the duct openings.

Question 34

pathophysiology of salivary mucocele. Which salivary gland(s)

is/are most commonly affected?

Question 35

clinical presentations of salivary mucocele

Question 36

treatment options. What does the term marsupialization mean

Question 37

anatomic landmarks, regional anatomy and surgical technique for excision of the

mandibul

ar/sublingual salivary gland complex. What is the importance of identifying the lingual nerve?

Question 38

common reasons for mucocele recurrence after surgery?