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switched networks Flashcards

1
Q

what is

microsegmentation

A

Each switch port is a separate collision domain. In effect, the switch establishes a point-to-point link between any two network nodes.

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2
Q

what is

port mirroring

A

copies all packets sent to one or more source ports to a mirror (or destination) port

called a switched port analyzer (SPAN) on a Cisco switch

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3
Q

what is

port mirroring called on a Cisco switch

A

switched port analyzer (SPAN)

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4
Q

what are

switching loops

A

cause flooded frames to circulate the network perpetually, causing what is often called a broadcast storm

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5
Q

how to prevent a

broadcast loop

A

spanning tree protocol

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6
Q

what is the

bridge at the top of a spanning tree hierarchy

A

root bridge

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7
Q

what is

shortest path to the root bridge-STP information is packaged as _______ multicast frames

A

bridge protocol data unit (BPDU)

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8
Q

what is a

port that forwards “up” to the root bridge

A

root port

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9
Q

what are

ports that can forward traffic “down” through the network with the least cost

A

designated ports

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10
Q

what is a

port that would create a loop

A

blocking

or

non-designated port.

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11
Q

what is

RSTP

A

Rapid Spanning Tree Protocol

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12
Q

what is

STP

A

Spanning Tree Protocol

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13
Q

what is

a converged network

A

when all ports on all bridges are in forwarding or blocking states

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14
Q

what is

command that ensures that access ports—ports used to connect a host computer—are excluded from topology change notifications

A

PortFast

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15
Q

what is

command that ensures that access ports—ports used to connect a host computer—are excluded from topology change notifications

A

edge-port

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16
Q

what is

causes a port configured with PortFast that receives a BPDU to become disabled

A

BPDU Guard

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17
Q

what is the

purpose of BPDU guard with PortFast

A

BPDUs are not expected on access ports so this protects against:

misconfiguration

or

possible malicious attack

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18
Q

command that

causes the port to drop all BPDUs

A

BPDU Filter

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19
Q

when to use

BPDU Filter

A

link between two separately administered switching fabrics

or

use it when joining physical and virtual switch fabrics

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20
Q

what is

This setting means that a switch will not accept attempts from switches connected to the guarded port to become the root

A

Root Guard

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21
Q

when to not configure

PortFast or you risk creating a switching loop

A

on switch ports that are used to connect to switches, bridges, or hubs

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22
Q

what is

network topology

A

describes the physical or logical structure of the network.

topology is described in terms of nodes and links

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23
Q

what

describes the placement of nodes and how they are connected by the network media

A

physical network topology

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24
Q

what

describes the flow of data through the network

A

logical topology

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25
Q

what is

point-to-point (or one-to-one) connection

A

a single link is established between two nodes

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26
Q

what is a

shared access topology

A

all nodes share the bandwidth of the media

only one node can be active at any one time, so the nodes must contend to put signals on the media

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27
Q

what is a

local area network (LAN)

A

covers a wide range of different sizes of networks but is mostly confined to a single geographical location

all nodes and segments are directly connected with cables or short-range wireless technologies

does not require a leased telecommunication system to function

most of the network infrastructure in a LAN would be directly owned and managed by a single organization

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28
Q

what is a

small office/home office (SOHO) network

A

business-oriented network possibly using a centralized server in addition to client devices and printers, but often still using a single Internet router/switch/access point to provide connectivity.

29
Q

what is a

small and medium sized enterprise (SME) network

A

network supporting dozens of users

such networks would use structured cabling and multiple switches and routers to provide connectivity

30
Q

what is a

Enterprise LAN

A

larger network with hundreds or thousands of servers and clients

Such networks would require multiple enterprise-class switch and router appliances to maintain performance levels.

31
Q

what is a

campus area network (CAN)

A

sometimes used for a LAN that spans multiple nearby buildings.

32
Q

what is

storage area network (SAN)

A

interconnects storage devices such as RAID arrays or tape drives to make “pools” of shared storage capacity available to servers.

33
Q

what is

Scalability

A

means that additional users or devices can be added to the network without having to significantly re-design or re-engineer the existing infrastructure

34
Q

what is

Adaptability (or flexibility)

A

means that new or changed services and applications can be accommodated with minimum disruption to the existing physical and logical topology

35
Q

what is

distributed switching

A

access switches form the bottom level of the hierarchy

each access switch forwards traffic to distribution layer switches

distribution switches forwards traffic to core layer switches

model is especially useful for medium to large networks

systems can be grouped by location

36
Q

what is a

data center

A

a network area that hosts network services (such as authentication, addressing, and name resolution), application servers, and storage area networks (SANs).

37
Q

what is

software defined networking (SDN)

A

application (or suite of applications) can be used to define policy decisions on the control plane.

38
Q

what is it called when

each switch port is a separate collision domain.

In effect, the switch establishes a point-to-point link between any two network nodes.

A

microsegmentation

39
Q

what is

copies all packets sent to one or more source ports to a mirror (or destination) port

called a switched port analyzer (SPAN) on a Cisco switch

A

port mirroring

40
Q

what is

switched port analyzer (SPAN)

A

port mirroring on a Cisco switch

41
Q

what

causes flooded frames to circulate the network perpetually, causing what is often called a broadcast storm

A

switching loops

42
Q

what is

spanning tree protocol is used to prevent ____

A

broadcast loops

43
Q

what is a

root bridge

A

bridge at the top of a spanning tree hierarchy

44
Q

what is a

root port

A

port that forwards “up” to the root bridge

45
Q

what are

designated ports

A

ports that can forward traffic “down” through the network with the least cost

46
Q

what is a

blocking

or

non-designated port.

A

port that would create a loop

47
Q

what is it called

when all ports on all bridges are in forwarding or blocking states

A

a converged network

48
Q

what is

PortFast

A

command that ensures that access ports—ports used to connect a host computer—are excluded from topology change notifications

49
Q

what is

edge-port

A

command that ensures that access ports—ports used to connect a host computer—are excluded from topology change notifications

50
Q

what is

BPDU Guard

A

causes a port configured with PortFast that receives a BPDU to become disabled

51
Q

what is

What protects access ports against:

misconfiguration

or

possible malicious attack

A

BPDU guard with PortFast

52
Q

what is

BPDU Filter

A

causes the port to drop all BPDUs

53
Q

what is

Root Guard

A

This setting means that a switch will not accept attempts from switches connected to the guarded port to become the root

54
Q

what

describes the physical or logical structure of the network

is described in terms of nodes and links

A

network topology

55
Q

what is

physical network topology

A

describes the placement of nodes and how they are connected by the network media

56
Q

what is

logical topology

A

describes the flow of data through the network

57
Q

when

a single link is established between two nodes

A

point-to-point (or one-to-one) connection

58
Q

when

all nodes share the bandwidth of the media

only one node can be active at any one time, so the nodes must contend to put signals on the media

A

shared access topology

59
Q

what

covers a wide range of different sizes of networks but is mostly confined to a single geographical location

all nodes and segments are directly connected with cables or short-range wireless technologies

does not require a leased telecommunication system to function

most of the network infrastructure in a LAN would be directly owned and managed by a single organization

A

local area network (LAN)

60
Q

label of a

business-oriented network possibly using a centralized server in addition to client devices and printers, but often still using a single Internet router/switch/access point to provide connectivity.

A

small office/home office (SOHO) network

61
Q

what is a

network supporting dozens of users

such networks would use structured cabling and multiple switches and routers to provide connectivity

A

small and medium sized enterprise (SME) network

62
Q

what is a

larger network with hundreds or thousands of servers and clients

Such networks would require multiple enterprise-class switch and router appliances to maintain performance levels.

A

Enterprise LAN

63
Q

what

interconnects storage devices such as RAID arrays or tape drives to make “pools” of shared storage capacity available to servers.

A

storage area network (SAN)

64
Q

what is

means that additional users or devices can be added to the network without having to significantly re-design or re-engineer the existing infrastructure

A

Scalability

65
Q

what is

means that new or changed services and applications can be accommodated with minimum disruption to the existing physical and logical topology

A

Adaptability (or flexibility)

66
Q

what is it called when

access switches form the bottom level of the hierarchy

each access switch forwards traffic to distribution layer switches

distribution switches forwards traffic to core layer switches

model is especially useful for medium to large networks

systems can be grouped by location

A

distributed switching

67
Q

what is

a network area that hosts network services (such as authentication, addressing, and name resolution), application servers, and storage area networks (SANs).

A

data center

68
Q

what is an

application (or suite of applications) that can be used to define policy decisions on the control plane.

A

software defined networking (SDN)

network + (10 decks)

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