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RUSVM Nutrition Summer17 COPY > Swine nutrition > Flashcards

Swine nutrition Flashcards

1
Q

An adult intact male pig is a ____

A

Boar

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2
Q

An adult intact female pigs is a ________

A

Sow

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3
Q

Farrowing is _________

A

The act of giving birth

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4
Q

A young intact female pig is a ______

A

Gilt

Young female that has not yet had babies

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5
Q

A castrated male pig is a _________

A

Barrow or shoat

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6
Q

What are the two most common feeds that pigs will get, and another nutrient they need to make their diet complete?

A

Corn and soybean meal

WATER - pigs have a high daily water requirement

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7
Q

What is the second most limiting nutrient to 100lbs in a pig?

A

Lipids - Energy

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8
Q

How many essential amino acids do pigs require in their diet? How are they supplemented to meet those needs?

A

They require ten essential FA and those needs will all be met in their mixture or corn and soybean meal - no additional supplementation is required

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9
Q

What is the limiting amino acid in the swine diet?

A

Lysine

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10
Q

T/F: Corn is a good source of lysine

A

FALSE

Corn is low in lysine, but soybean meal can make up for that

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11
Q

What are the main nutrient sources of energy for pigs?

A

Carbs and oils/fats

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12
Q

Energy density of the diet determines the level of _________

A

Intake

  • high energy diet = reduced intake
  • high fiber diet = increased intake
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13
Q

The first limiting nutrient up to 100lbs is _______

A

Protein

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14
Q

Pigs will eat to _______ their energy requirments

A

meet

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15
Q

T/F: Many pigs are fed ad lib, bc they will eat to meet their needs

A

TRUE

*changes will be made for breeding sows and boars

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16
Q

The addition of what vitamins to a pigs diet has been shown to make them perform better?

A

B vitamins

Extra 10% added to feed

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17
Q

What are the important fat soluble vitamins?

A

A
D
E
K

These can be added to feed - usually extra is added since they can decrease in potency over time when being stored

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18
Q

What are the water soluble vitamins?

A 
B12
Miacin
Riboflavin
Biotin
Folic acid
Choline
Pantothenic acid
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19
Q

What are some basic minerals that are required in the swine diet? Are they ever supplemented?

A

Calcium and Phosphorus

Sometimes calcium is supplemented with the addition with limestone

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20
Q

Adding extra of what two nutrients will help meat retain its color after slaughter?

A

Vitamin E and selenium

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21
Q

What kind of diet should pet pigs be fed?

A

A pet pig food that is from a feed store

Excessive table scraps, and dog/cat food should be avoided

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22
Q

What fatty acid is essential for pigs and specifically is good for their skin?

A

Linoleic acid

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23
Q

Why are large amounts of fiber usually not fed to pigs?

A

It will slow down the growing process

24
Q

What change is made to the diet of a sow about ten - fourteen days before she is bred? What is the process called?

A

Flushing: increasing the feed intake 10 - 14 days before being bred. This is done to make sure her nutrient levels are at peak and will make her better suited for pregnancy

25
Q

After farrowing, how should a sow be fed?

A

Feed to appetite - whatever mama wants

want to make sure the sow does not lose any body condition while lactating

26
Q

T/F: Sows should have their feed increased 2-4 weeks prior to farrowing?

A

True

27
Q

At want point after farrowing, is the sows food intake decreased?

A

When the piglets begin weaning (3-4 weeks old)

28
Q

How is the weaned pig fed?

A

Typically ad lib - in the beginning it will typically have more milk products for palatabilty and protein since they just got off a strictly milk diet

29
Q

What is phase feeding?

A

Adjusting the diet to the needs of the pigs as he grows

30
Q

How does phase feeding affect the environment?

A

It will cut down on waste, nitrogen and phosphorus

31
Q

More cases of pneumonia are noted in pigs that are raised indoors or outdoors?

A

Indoors

32
Q

T/F: Feed intake is increase by 15% when pigs are raised/kept outdoors

A

True

They get more exercise and sometimes there is wastage of food when it is thrown on the ground

33
Q

Is is better for growing pigs to grown to market, to be kept indoors or outdoors

A

Indoors

34
Q

Lactase levels peak at what age in piglets?

A

2-3 weeks of age

35
Q

What enzyme do piglets need to digest grain?

A

Amylase

They start making this enzyme as they get older

36
Q

Why is swine nutrition important from a production standpoint?

A

To promote optimal performance to get optimal economic return

*want to grow pigs as fast as possible and get them to market as possible

37
Q

At what age are most piglets weaned?

A

3-4 weeks of age

38
Q

When does the active immunity of a piglet begin and peak?

A

starts at about 2 weeks and continues to increase

39
Q

What are factors that can limit the potential of the early weaned pig?

A

Genetics
Health
Optimum nutrition through phase feeding

40
Q

Grower rations are adjusted to what factors?

A

Sex, age, and genetic potential

41
Q

What must you avoid in the gilt?

A

Over feeding

It makes it more difficult for them to get pregnant or give birth when they are obese
- when they do give birth they have a tendency to not eat and lose body condition making them less productive

42
Q

What complications can be seen when gilts have too little weight gain?

A

Inability to sustain lactation

Delayed return to estrus and rebreeding

43
Q

What are essential feed ingredients for lactating females?

A

Lysine - to have good protein function
Water
Fiber - helps prevent constipation

44
Q

Why don’t you want a boar to get too fat?

A

That will decrease his breeding condition/potential

45
Q

Anemia is a primary problem in what pigs?

A

piglets

Especially those that are born indoors and do not have access to soil

46
Q

How do you treat or prevent anemia in piglets?

A

Supplement iron

It is best absorbed via injection

*given in the neck to avoid staining market meet

47
Q

What is the most common vitamin deficiencies in pigs?

A

B vitamin deficiencies

This occurs because pigs don’t readily synthesize B vitamins in their GI tract

*need to be supplemented

48
Q

If you have a “goose stepping” big, what is that indicative of?

A

Vitamin deficiency due to a poorly balanced diet

49
Q

T/F: The substance that is present in the least amount relative to the demand, will limit the metabolic process

A

TRUE

50
Q

What minerals can cause issues if they are not balanced in the diet?

A

Calcium and phosphorus

Should be Ca: 1-1.3 to P 1

51
Q

What problem can occur if there is too much calcium in the diet?

A

It can tie up the zinc in the diet leading to a zine deficiency

52
Q

What skin condition occurs with a zinc deficiency?

A

parakeratosis

bilateral abnormal keratinization of the skin - forming horny scales that start as brown spots

53
Q

T/F: pigs required 5-10 ppm copper in their diet to improve their growth rate, but too much can be fatal

A

TRUE

54
Q

Vitamin E supplementation has been shown to prolong ____ _____ of meat and improve ________

A

Prolong shelf life
improve color, less of a greasy appearance

*biological antioxidant

55
Q

How long does it take a pig to reach market weight?

A

only 5 - 6 months

56
Q

What is added to the diet to help digest phosphorus more efficiently? What other benefits are seen?

A

Phytase

This has been shown to increase growth by 5% or more and also decreased the odor and quantity of manure

57
Q

What is the benefit of conjugated linoleic acid?

A

Can potentially decreased the unwanted back fat on pigs and also increase their immune system

RUSVM Nutrition Summer17 COPY (18 decks)

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