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RUSVM Nutrition Summer17 COPY > Poultry > Flashcards

Poultry Flashcards

1
Q

How long does it take to produce a broiler?

A

6-7 weeks

Process begins with the arrival of 1 day old chicks brought in from parent farm

Process ends when animals reach market weight and are transported to the processing plant

“all in all out” system

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2
Q

Typical pyramid organization of the poultry industry order from bottom to top ?

A

Production farms–>
Reproduction Farms (Breeders + Hatchery) –>
Genetics/Selection farms (Primary Breeders) top

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3
Q

Rations in feeding poultry must supply which major nutrient categories?

A 
Protein,
Carbs,
Vits,
Mins,
Water
(Everything except lipids)
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4
Q

T or F: Poultry digest fiber well.

A

FALSE

poultry have a limited ability to digest fiber

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5
Q

What percentage of the total rations do grains make up in ideal poultry feed?

A

50-80%

corn/maize is the most commonly used grain

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6
Q

Can oats and barley replace corn entirely for grain source in poultry feeding?

A

NO

oats and barley have a limit of incorporation => 10-15%

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7
Q

What are the most relevant AAs in poultry feed?

A 
Arginine
Glycine
Lysine
Methionine
Tryptophan
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8
Q

What are the most common sources of protein/AA in poultry diets?

A

Soybean meal,
Canola meal,
Blood meal,
Fish meal

No worry of prion dz in chickens

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9
Q

T or F: Broilers generally require/consume more water than hens.

A

True

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10
Q

What minerals are required in the poultry diet?

A

Ca, P, Mg, Fe, Cu, Zn, Co

*these are normally supplied in the form of premixes included in pelleted diets

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11
Q

What is the source of minerals and vitamins in the normal poultry diet?

A

Usually supplied in the form of premixes included in pelleted diets*

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12
Q

What is the general life expectancy of a laying hen?

A

Typically not more than a year and a half

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13
Q

When feeding chicks (age: 0-6 weeks old) for egg production, what percentage of protein do starter rations normally have?

A

STARTER; 18-20%

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14
Q

When feeding for egg production, what ration should be implemented at weeks 6-14?

A

GROWER; 15% protein

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15
Q

When feeding for egg production, what ration should be implemented at weeks 14-20?

A

DEVELOPER; 12% protein

slowly/gradually switch from mesh to pellet

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16
Q

When feeding for egg production, what ration should laying hens (20-80 weeks old) be fed?

A

LAYING ration; 14.5% protein

*light breeds will consume less than heavy breeds

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17
Q

What is the suggested daily intake of Calcium in laying hens to support proper egg shell formation?

A

3.4 grams!

@40 weeks, increase to 3.8!!!

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18
Q

What is the amino acid that should be supplemented in laying hens?

A

Methionine

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19
Q

When feeding broilers, what age is the starter diet implemented?

A

0-2 weeks

20
Q

In broiler production, what age is the grower diet implemented and what % CP should it contain?

A

3-6 weeks; 20-22% CP

21
Q

In broiler production, what age is the finisher diet implemented and what % CP should it contain?

A

6 weeks-market; 18-20% CP

*may contain coccidiostats

22
Q

When feeding turkeys, what are the major differences in nutrient requirements compared to feeding chickens?

A

Protein levels,
Vitamin composition

**turkeys require much higher protein than chickens

23
Q

When feeding turkey poults, what should the pre-starter or starter ration include?

A

28% protein (pre-starter),
26% protein (starter)

*pre starters have high levels of antibiotics (require vet Rx) vitamins, AA, and energy than starters

24
Q

What are the general changes in energy levels and protein levels as turkeys become older?

A

Energy levels INCREASE;
Protein levels DECREASE

know for final

25
Q

When are turkey toms marketed and what is their live weight?

A

18-20 weeks

23-35lbs.

26
Q

What age are turkey hens marketed and what is their live weight?

A

14-16 weeks

14 lbs

27
Q

Are duckling/gosling rations closer in composition to turkeys or chicken?

A

Chicken (patterned after broiler diets with certain changes)

28
Q

What ration of protein should ducklings and goslings be fed in a starter diet?

A

22% protein

29
Q

What ration of protein should ducks be fed in a finisher diet?

A

15-16% protein

30
Q

What vitamin do ducks and geese require a higher %, when compared to chickens?

A

NIACIN!

31
Q

In what forms is energy supplied to chickens?

A

Grains
Grain by products
Animal and vegetable fats

32
Q

T/F: Chickens do well being fed ab libitum

A

TRUE

chickens tend to eat enough to meet their energy needs

33
Q

T/F: Quantity of the protein provided in poultry diets is more important that quality

A

FALSE

Quality of the protein is important - should be balanced be AA content rather than CP content

34
Q

What are some good sources of calcium for poultry?

A

oyster shell and or limestone

*especially important in laying hens for egg shell formation

35
Q

What animals should not be fed pelleted feed?

A

young animals

they will not eat pellets

36
Q

T/F: Poultry that are feed pelleted feed have a higher intake of nutrients when compared to non pelleted diets

A

TRUE

37
Q

What are the different forms of commercial poultry food?

A
  1. Mash (usually for young birds)
  2. Pellets (most chicken feeds are pelleted - similar to TMR)
  3. Crumble

*pellets reduce wasting

38
Q

Phase feeding is used in what commercial poultry industries?

A

Broilers
Turkeys
Laying hens*** (very important in the hen)

39
Q

What are the feeding costs of a poultry farm?

A

~66 % total costs

40
Q

Water should be provided to chickens _____

A

Ad lib

intake will increase with increased temp

41
Q

At what age do production hens start laying eggs?

A

About 20 weeks of age

42
Q

Starter rations are in the form of _______

A

mash

43
Q

Starter rations are in the form of _____

A

Crumble - then transitioned to pelleted feed

44
Q

Lower salt content in chicken feeds is given to help decrease the occurrence of ______

A

Wet droppings

45
Q

T/F: Chicken farmers can add antibiotics to their feed when they feel necessary

A

False - must have the rx from a veterinarian to do so

RUSVM Nutrition Summer17 COPY (18 decks)

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