Swine Nutrition Flashcards
Important nutrients include
energy; protien; vitamins and minerals; water
Important nutrients include
energy; protien; vitamins and minerals; water
energy for swine is acquired through
corn, wheat, milo, whey, fat
protein sources for swine
soybean meal dried distillers grains fish meal meat and bone meal sprayed dried plasma blood meal synthetic amino acids
important amino acids include
lysine
threonine
tryptophan
methionine
high protein causes
diarrhea
CP %
lysine %
1%
vitamins and minerals include
calcium/phosphorus (1.2:1 to 1.3:1) selenium/vitamin E vitamin D Na/Cl Zn Oxide
water
feed manufacturing: roller mill
high throughput; higher variability in particle size
high efficiency roller mill
slower; more consistent particle size
feed composed of
may cause gastric ulcers
need to sequence diets
phases of production
species
provided for medications
holding capacity
at mill
at farm
ingredients
you need _____ to determine feed conversion
feed
of a mill does multiple species, you could have an issue with pigs getting
coarse feed
pigs can be fed _____ unlike cattle
meat proteins
what is the holding capacity
the amount of ingredients
stored feed
cooks, adheres to side of bin, molds
feed outage
poor feed conversion; increased culls; scratches (fighting) tail biting
intestinal torsion
feed withdrawal
18 hours pre-harvest
reduces gut fill
less spillage of intestinal contents
what are the stages of production
boar gestation lactation creep feed/early wean pre-starter starter grower finisher gilt developer
gilts
restricted nutrition= restricted development
~4 lbs/day 2-3 post breeding
gestation BCS
3/5
gestation backfat
0.75-0.8
fetal weight will _____ in last month
double
lactation day 1
4 lbs + 1.5 lbs/piglet
lactation: increase feed for _____
3 weeks
piglets
colostrum/milk (antibodies IgA, fat and protein)
creep feed/early wean
prestarter (multiple phases)
starter (multiple phases)
split sex feedings
social dynaamics
different consumption rates
gilts benefit from higher protein longer
grower pigs
135 lbs
muscle building/frame size
finisher pigs
270 lbs
distributing fat
wet feeders beneficial
need 1 gallon water for every
80 lbs BW; 3 lbs feed
time to fill a 1 cup measuring cup
90 seconds
12-30 lbs
60 seconds
30-75 lbs
40 seconds
75-150 lbs
30 seconds
150-240 lbs
20 seconds
sows/boars
15 seconds
meat quality
hard, white fat desirable
unsaturationlevel (idoine)
measured at harvest
more _____ fats are less desirable
oxidized
DDGS
cooked kitchen waste
intestinal torsion occurs when
change in feed/water availability
change in feed type
change in competition
change in time of feeding
gastric ulcers
finer ground foods
STRESS
treat with omeprazole
downer sow syndrome
osteoporosis
gestation Ca/P
15 g Ca/12 g P
lactation Ca/P
30-35 g Ca/20-25 g P
salt toxicity
lack of water for 24-36 hours
SLOWLY introduce water
may benefit from steroid admin
eosinophilic pervascular cuffing
mulberry heart disease
vitamin E/selenium deficiency
best, fastest growing
pale, acutely dead pigs
rickets
vitamin D deficiency
rubbery ribs in young; broken bones in adults
osteochondrosis desicans
defect in cartilage grwoth
complex etiology: genetics, diet, handling
edema disease
E. coli proliferation change to new feed 10014 days post weaning 30-50 lb show pigs edema conjunctiva SQ tissues around eyes mesentery/serosal surface
mycotoxins
aflatoxin DON fumonisin ergot zeralenone ochratoxin
aflatoxin
slow gain, hepatic necrosis
DON
vomitoxin; feed refusal
fumonisin
pulmonary edema
ergot
gangrene of peripheral extremities
zeralenone
hyperestrogenism
ochratoxin
pale, tan, fibrous, enlarged kidneys
perineal/SQ edema
hydrothorax/hydroperitoneum
emaciation
piglets born with
insufficient iron concentrations;
need to supplement piglets with 200 mg typically day 3-5; anemic by day 7 otherwise
regulatory issues
porcine epidemic diarrhea
veterinary feed directives
garbage feeding
garbage fiting
must be cooked to at 212 F FOR 20 MINUTES; NOT TO BE OCNJSEUD WITH BACKERY WASSS
garbage fiting
must be cookedto at 212 F FOR 20 MINUTES; NOT TO BE OCNJSEUD WITH BACKERY WASSS
energy for swine is acquired through
corn, wheat, milo, whey, fat
protein sources for swine
soybean meal dried distillers grains fish meal meat and bone meal sprayed dried plasma blood meal synthetic amino acids
important amino acids include
lysine
threonine
tryptophan
methionine
high protein causes
diarrhea
CP %
lysine %
1%
vitamins and minerals include
calcium/phosphorus (1.2:1 to 1.3:1) selenium/vitamin E vitamin D Na/Cl Zn Oxide
water
feed manufacturing: roller mill
high throughput; higher variability in particle size
high efficiency roller mill
slower; more consistent particle size
feed composed of
may cause gastric ulcers
need to sequence diets
phases of production
species
provided for medications
holding capacity
at mill
at farm
ingredients
you need _____ to determine feed conversion
feed
of a mill does multiple species, you could have an issue with pigs getting
coarse feed
pigs can be fed _____ unlike cattle
meat proteins
what is the holding capacity
the amount of ingredients
stored feed
cooks, adheres to side of bin, molds
feed outage
poor feed conversion; increased culls; scratches (fighting) tail biting
intestinal torsion
feed withdrawal
18 hours pre-harvest
reduces gut fill
less spillage of intestinal contents
what are the stages of production
boar gestation lactation creep feed/early wean pre-starter starter grower finisher gilt developer
gilts
restricted nutrition= restricted development
~4 lbs/day 2-3 post breeding
gestation BCS
3/5
gestation backfat
0.75-0.8
fetal weight will _____ in last month
double
lactation day 1
4 lbs + 1.5 lbs/piglet
lactation: increase feed for _____
3 weeks
piglets
colostrum/milk (antibodies IgA, fat and protein)
creep feed/early wean
prestarter (multiple phases)
starter (multiple phases)
split sex feedings
social dynaamics
different consumption rates
gilts benefit from higher protein longer
grower pigs
135 lbs
muscle building/frame size
finisher pigs
270 lbs
distributing fat
wet feeders beneficial
need 1 gallon water for every
80 lbs BW; 3 lbs feed
time to fill a 1 cup measuring cup
90 seconds
12-30 lbs
60 seconds
30-75 lbs
40 seconds
75-150 lbs
30 seconds
150-240 lbs
20 seconds
sows/boars
15 seconds
meat quality
hard, white fat desirable
unsaturationlevel (idoine)
measured at harvest
more _____ fats are less desirable
oxidized
DDGS
cooked kitchen waste
intestinal torsion occurs when
change in feed/water availability
change in feed type
change in competition
change in time of feeding
gastric ulcers
finer ground foods
STRESS
treat with omeprazole
downer sow syndrome
osteoporosis
gestation Ca/P
15 g Ca/12 g P
lactation Ca/P
30-35 g Ca/20-25 g P
salt toxicity
lack of water for 24-36 hours
SLOWLY introduce water
may benefit from steroid admin
eosinophilic pervascular cuffing
mulberry heart disease
vitamin E/selenium deficiency
best, fastest growing
pale, acutely dead pigs
rickets
vitamin D deficiency
rubbery ribs in young; broken bones in adults
osteochondrosis desicans
defect in cartilage grwoth
complex etiology: genetics, diet, handling
edema disease
E. coli proliferation change to new feed 10014 days post weaning 30-50 lb show pigs edema conjunctiva SQ tissues around eyes mesentery/serosal surface
mycotoxins
aflatoxin DON fumonisin ergot zeralenone ochratoxin
aflatoxin
slow gain, hepatic necrosis
DON
vomitoxin; feed refusal
fumonisin
pulmonary edema
ergot
gangrene of peripheral extremities
zeralenone
hyperestrogenism
ochratoxin
pale, tan, fibrous, enlarged kidneys
perineal/SQ edema
hydrothorax/hydroperitoneum
emaciation
piglets born with
insufficient iron concentrations;
need to supplement piglets with 200 mg typically day 3-5; anemic by day 7 otherwise
regulatory issues
porcine epidemic diarrhea
veterinary feed directives
garbage feeding
porcine epidemic diarrhea
feed thought to spread virus
initial outbreak 2013
2015 experience
garbage fiting
must be cookedto at 212 F FOR 20 MINUTES; NOT TO BE OCNJSEUD WITH BACKERY WASSS
