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Nutrition I > Swine Nutrition > Flashcards

Swine Nutrition Flashcards

1
Q

Important nutrients include

A

energy; protien; vitamins and minerals; water

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2
Q

Important nutrients include

A

energy; protien; vitamins and minerals; water

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3
Q

energy for swine is acquired through

A

corn, wheat, milo, whey, fat

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4
Q

protein sources for swine

A 
soybean meal
dried distillers grains
fish meal
meat and bone meal
sprayed dried plasma
blood meal
synthetic amino acids
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5
Q

important amino acids include

A

lysine
threonine
tryptophan
methionine

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6
Q

high protein causes

A

diarrhea

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7
Q

CP %

A
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8
Q

lysine %

A

1%

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9
Q

vitamins and minerals include

A 
calcium/phosphorus (1.2:1 to 1.3:1)
selenium/vitamin E
vitamin D
Na/Cl
Zn Oxide
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10
Q

water

A
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11
Q

feed manufacturing: roller mill

A

high throughput; higher variability in particle size

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12
Q

high efficiency roller mill

A

slower; more consistent particle size

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13
Q

feed composed of

A

may cause gastric ulcers

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14
Q

need to sequence diets

A

phases of production
species
provided for medications

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15
Q

holding capacity

A

at mill
at farm
ingredients

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16
Q

you need _____ to determine feed conversion

A

feed

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17
Q

of a mill does multiple species, you could have an issue with pigs getting

A

coarse feed

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18
Q

pigs can be fed _____ unlike cattle

A

meat proteins

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19
Q

what is the holding capacity

A

the amount of ingredients

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20
Q

stored feed

A

cooks, adheres to side of bin, molds

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21
Q

feed outage

A

poor feed conversion; increased culls; scratches (fighting) tail biting
intestinal torsion

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22
Q

feed withdrawal

A

18 hours pre-harvest
reduces gut fill
less spillage of intestinal contents

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23
Q

what are the stages of production

A 
boar
gestation
lactation
creep feed/early wean
pre-starter
starter
grower
finisher
gilt developer
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24
Q

gilts

A

restricted nutrition= restricted development

~4 lbs/day 2-3 post breeding

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25
Q

gestation BCS

A

3/5

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26
Q

gestation backfat

A

0.75-0.8

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27
Q

fetal weight will _____ in last month

A

double

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28
Q

lactation day 1

A

4 lbs + 1.5 lbs/piglet

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29
Q

lactation: increase feed for _____

A

3 weeks

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30
Q

piglets

A

colostrum/milk (antibodies IgA, fat and protein)
creep feed/early wean
prestarter (multiple phases)
starter (multiple phases)

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31
Q

split sex feedings

A

social dynaamics
different consumption rates
gilts benefit from higher protein longer

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32
Q

grower pigs

A

135 lbs

muscle building/frame size

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33
Q

finisher pigs

A

270 lbs
distributing fat
wet feeders beneficial

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34
Q

need 1 gallon water for every

A

80 lbs BW; 3 lbs feed

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35
Q

time to fill a 1 cup measuring cup

A

90 seconds

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36
Q

12-30 lbs

A

60 seconds

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37
Q

30-75 lbs

A

40 seconds

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38
Q

75-150 lbs

A

30 seconds

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39
Q

150-240 lbs

A

20 seconds

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40
Q

sows/boars

A

15 seconds

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41
Q

meat quality

A

hard, white fat desirable
unsaturationlevel (idoine)
measured at harvest

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42
Q

more _____ fats are less desirable

A

oxidized
DDGS
cooked kitchen waste

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43
Q

intestinal torsion occurs when

A

change in feed/water availability
change in feed type
change in competition
change in time of feeding

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44
Q

gastric ulcers

A

finer ground foods
STRESS
treat with omeprazole

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45
Q

downer sow syndrome

A

osteoporosis

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46
Q

gestation Ca/P

A

15 g Ca/12 g P

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47
Q

lactation Ca/P

A

30-35 g Ca/20-25 g P

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48
Q

salt toxicity

A

lack of water for 24-36 hours
SLOWLY introduce water
may benefit from steroid admin
eosinophilic pervascular cuffing

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49
Q

mulberry heart disease

A

vitamin E/selenium deficiency
best, fastest growing
pale, acutely dead pigs

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50
Q

rickets

A

vitamin D deficiency

rubbery ribs in young; broken bones in adults

51
Q

osteochondrosis desicans

A

defect in cartilage grwoth

complex etiology: genetics, diet, handling

52
Q

edema disease

A 
E. coli proliferation
change to new feed 10014 days post weaning
30-50 lb show pigs
edema
conjunctiva
SQ tissues around eyes
mesentery/serosal surface
53
Q

mycotoxins

A 
aflatoxin
DON
fumonisin
ergot
zeralenone
ochratoxin
54
Q

aflatoxin

A

slow gain, hepatic necrosis

55
Q

DON

A

vomitoxin; feed refusal

56
Q

fumonisin

A

pulmonary edema

57
Q

ergot

A

gangrene of peripheral extremities

58
Q

zeralenone

A

hyperestrogenism

59
Q

ochratoxin

A

pale, tan, fibrous, enlarged kidneys
perineal/SQ edema
hydrothorax/hydroperitoneum
emaciation

60
Q

piglets born with

A

insufficient iron concentrations;

need to supplement piglets with 200 mg typically day 3-5; anemic by day 7 otherwise

61
Q

regulatory issues

A

porcine epidemic diarrhea
veterinary feed directives
garbage feeding

62
Q

garbage fiting

A

must be cooked to at 212 F FOR 20 MINUTES; NOT TO BE OCNJSEUD WITH BACKERY WASSS

63
Q

garbage fiting

A

must be cookedto at 212 F FOR 20 MINUTES; NOT TO BE OCNJSEUD WITH BACKERY WASSS

64
Q

energy for swine is acquired through

A

corn, wheat, milo, whey, fat

65
Q

protein sources for swine

A 
soybean meal
dried distillers grains
fish meal
meat and bone meal
sprayed dried plasma
blood meal
synthetic amino acids
66
Q

important amino acids include

A

lysine
threonine
tryptophan
methionine

67
Q

high protein causes

A

diarrhea

68
Q

CP %

A
69
Q

lysine %

A

1%

70
Q

vitamins and minerals include

A 
calcium/phosphorus (1.2:1 to 1.3:1)
selenium/vitamin E
vitamin D
Na/Cl
Zn Oxide
71
Q

water

A
72
Q

feed manufacturing: roller mill

A

high throughput; higher variability in particle size

73
Q

high efficiency roller mill

A

slower; more consistent particle size

74
Q

feed composed of

A

may cause gastric ulcers

75
Q

need to sequence diets

A

phases of production
species
provided for medications

76
Q

holding capacity

A

at mill
at farm
ingredients

77
Q

you need _____ to determine feed conversion

A

feed

78
Q

of a mill does multiple species, you could have an issue with pigs getting

A

coarse feed

79
Q

pigs can be fed _____ unlike cattle

A

meat proteins

80
Q

what is the holding capacity

A

the amount of ingredients

81
Q

stored feed

A

cooks, adheres to side of bin, molds

82
Q

feed outage

A

poor feed conversion; increased culls; scratches (fighting) tail biting
intestinal torsion

83
Q

feed withdrawal

A

18 hours pre-harvest
reduces gut fill
less spillage of intestinal contents

84
Q

what are the stages of production

A 
boar
gestation
lactation
creep feed/early wean
pre-starter
starter
grower
finisher
gilt developer
85
Q

gilts

A

restricted nutrition= restricted development

~4 lbs/day 2-3 post breeding

86
Q

gestation BCS

A

3/5

87
Q

gestation backfat

A

0.75-0.8

88
Q

fetal weight will _____ in last month

A

double

89
Q

lactation day 1

A

4 lbs + 1.5 lbs/piglet

90
Q

lactation: increase feed for _____

A

3 weeks

91
Q

piglets

A

colostrum/milk (antibodies IgA, fat and protein)
creep feed/early wean
prestarter (multiple phases)
starter (multiple phases)

92
Q

split sex feedings

A

social dynaamics
different consumption rates
gilts benefit from higher protein longer

93
Q

grower pigs

A

135 lbs

muscle building/frame size

94
Q

finisher pigs

A

270 lbs
distributing fat
wet feeders beneficial

95
Q

need 1 gallon water for every

A

80 lbs BW; 3 lbs feed

96
Q

time to fill a 1 cup measuring cup

A

90 seconds

97
Q

12-30 lbs

A

60 seconds

98
Q

30-75 lbs

A

40 seconds

99
Q

75-150 lbs

A

30 seconds

100
Q

150-240 lbs

A

20 seconds

101
Q

sows/boars

A

15 seconds

102
Q

meat quality

A

hard, white fat desirable
unsaturationlevel (idoine)
measured at harvest

103
Q

more _____ fats are less desirable

A

oxidized
DDGS
cooked kitchen waste

104
Q

intestinal torsion occurs when

A

change in feed/water availability
change in feed type
change in competition
change in time of feeding

105
Q

gastric ulcers

A

finer ground foods
STRESS
treat with omeprazole

106
Q

downer sow syndrome

A

osteoporosis

107
Q

gestation Ca/P

A

15 g Ca/12 g P

108
Q

lactation Ca/P

A

30-35 g Ca/20-25 g P

109
Q

salt toxicity

A

lack of water for 24-36 hours
SLOWLY introduce water
may benefit from steroid admin
eosinophilic pervascular cuffing

110
Q

mulberry heart disease

A

vitamin E/selenium deficiency
best, fastest growing
pale, acutely dead pigs

111
Q

rickets

A

vitamin D deficiency

rubbery ribs in young; broken bones in adults

112
Q

osteochondrosis desicans

A

defect in cartilage grwoth

complex etiology: genetics, diet, handling

113
Q

edema disease

A 
E. coli proliferation
change to new feed 10014 days post weaning
30-50 lb show pigs
edema
conjunctiva
SQ tissues around eyes
mesentery/serosal surface
114
Q

mycotoxins

A 
aflatoxin
DON
fumonisin
ergot
zeralenone
ochratoxin
115
Q

aflatoxin

A

slow gain, hepatic necrosis

116
Q

DON

A

vomitoxin; feed refusal

117
Q

fumonisin

A

pulmonary edema

118
Q

ergot

A

gangrene of peripheral extremities

119
Q

zeralenone

A

hyperestrogenism

120
Q

ochratoxin

A

pale, tan, fibrous, enlarged kidneys
perineal/SQ edema
hydrothorax/hydroperitoneum
emaciation

121
Q

piglets born with

A

insufficient iron concentrations;

need to supplement piglets with 200 mg typically day 3-5; anemic by day 7 otherwise

122
Q

regulatory issues

A

porcine epidemic diarrhea
veterinary feed directives
garbage feeding

123
Q

porcine epidemic diarrhea

A

feed thought to spread virus
initial outbreak 2013
2015 experience

124
Q

garbage fiting

A

must be cookedto at 212 F FOR 20 MINUTES; NOT TO BE OCNJSEUD WITH BACKERY WASSS

Nutrition I (5 decks)

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