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Therio > Swine > Flashcards

Swine Flashcards

1
Q

Which genetic line describes the sire?

A

Terminal line

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2
Q

What is the target number of piglets born alive per litter? What is the goal for % of stillbirths? Mummies?

A

10-12 piglets

Stillbirths <10%

Mummies <2%

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3
Q

How many piglets, ideally, should a sow produce per year?

A

19-20

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4
Q

What term descirbes an abormally small uterus and ulva?

A

Infantalism

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5
Q

What can a dorsally tipped vulva indicate?

A

Pseudohermaphrodite

Infertile

Inability to mate

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6
Q

How is the “vulva” of a male pseudohermaphrodite described?

A

“Fishhook” or “Sky tipped”

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7
Q

At what age and weight do pigs usually reach puberty?

A

5-8 months

200-250lbs

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8
Q

What are 3-4 things that can hasten the onset of puberty?

A

Movement/mixing of females

Lengthening the day (More light)

Introducing a boar (Boar effect)

Crossbreeding

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9
Q

T/F: When the outside temperatures are very cold puberty tends to be delayed.

A

False

Photoperiod and not temperature affects puberty

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10
Q

What is the most common method of hastening the onset of puberty?

A

Boar

Continuous exposure +/- direct contact with a smell mature male

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11
Q

When do pigs ovulate?

A

2/3 of the way through estrus (~36hours)

(24 hours after the LH peak)

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12
Q

Are gilts or sows in estrus for longer?

A

Sows

  • 48-72 hours*
  • Gilts= 36-48*
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13
Q

If you push down on a sow’s back and she runs away, what does this indicate?

A

Not in estrus

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14
Q

Why should you avoid ventilation during estrus detection with a boar?

A

Pheromones

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15
Q

How long after weaning will a sow go into estrus (i.e. the weaning-to-estrus-period)?

A

4-7 days

Piglets are weaned around 21 days of age

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16
Q

What is PG600 and what is it for?

A

PMSG + HCG

(FSH effect + LH effect)

Trying to get a gilt to go into heat/ synchronization

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17
Q

What is Altrenogest? How is it used?

A

Synthetic progesterone

Given in the part of feed (1lb of ration) for 14 days, then female will show signs of estrus 4-7 days after last dose

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18
Q

When is the CL in a sow fully formed?

A

Day 12

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19
Q

When should you deposit semen for AI?

A

Within 12 hours of ovulation

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20
Q

Sows and what other species have a CL-dependent pregnancy?

A

Goats

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21
Q

When does MRP occur?

A

Day 11-12

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22
Q

What part of the testicle is closest to the tail of the boar?

A

Tail of the epididymus

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23
Q

What part of the genital tract releases seminal plasma?

A

Vesicular glands

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24
Q

What part of the genital tract releases most of the gel fraction of ejaculate?

A

Bulbourethral glands

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25
Q

What are the 3 methods of semen collection in the boar? Which method is preferred?

A

Artifical vagina

Electro-ejaculator

Gloved hand method - preferred

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26
Q

Approximately how many mL is the ejaculate of a boar?

A

250-500 mL

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27
Q

When do sows ovulate?

a. At the beginning of estrus
b. 1/2 through estrus
c. 2/3 through estrus
d. End of estrus

A

c. 2/3 through estrus

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28
Q

Which of these is not a factor that is evaluated re: boar sperm?

a. Color
b. Odor
c. Motility of sperm
d. Somatic cell count
e. Concentration
f. Sperm morphology

A

d. Somatic cell count

29
Q

What is CASA?

A

Computer Automated Semen Analysis system

30
Q

What is the most important thing to assess to re: boar sperm? How is it assessed?

A

Sperm concentration

Spectophotometry or Hemacytometer

31
Q

What is the minimum amount (%) of progressive motility of spem?

A

70%

32
Q

Why should you not slap a sow to get up if she lies down during AI?

A

Inhibits the release of oxytocin and uterine contractions

33
Q

How long does a normal service take in a pig?

a. 1-2 min
b. 2-5 min
c. 5-10 min
d. 10-20 min

A

c. 5-10 min

This is also how long AI will take (at least)

34
Q

How long is the length of gestation?

A

114 days (+/- 2)

35
Q

How many embryos are needed by which day of pregnancy for the pregnancy ot continue?

A

4 embryos by day 11

36
Q

When are fetuses immunocompetent?

A

Day 70-75

37
Q

What behaviors indicate that a sow is close to parturition?

A

Restlessness

Nest building

Frequent urination

Frequent defecation

38
Q

What does it mean for a sow to be savage? What does this usually indicate?

A

Sow biting her young

Pain

39
Q

Farrowing usually takes between

a. 1-2 hours
b. 1-5 hours
c. 5-10 hours
d. 15 min

A

b. 1-5 hours

40
Q

How long between piglets is acceptable?

A

15 minutes max

41
Q

T/F: A piglet will ‘claim’ a nipple within 24 hours of birth.

A

True

42
Q

What can you give to induce parturition? (class of drug + examples)

A

Prostaglandins

Dinoprost tromethamine (Lutalyse) or Closprostanol (Estrumate)

Administered on day 112-113

43
Q

After inducing parturition, when will farrowing happen?

A

In 18-36 hours

44
Q

What is the most common cause of porcine dystocia? What do you give when you see a dystocia caused by this? When is this treatment counterindicated?

A

Uterine inertia

Adminster Oxytocin (IM q30 min) +/- calcium

Do not give if there is an obstruction

45
Q

T/F: During a c-section you typically incise the left uterine horn and remove the piglets from each horn via that incision.

A

False, usually incise both horns

46
Q

What is the prognosis for a sow with a uterine prolapse?

A

Grave

47
Q

For how long is it normal to see lochia postpartum?

A

1-5 days

48
Q

When does fetal mineralization occur?

A

Day 35

49
Q

What is the earliest day that prostaglandins are effective in sows?

a. Day 6
b. Day 10
c. Day 12
d. Day 15

A

c. Day 12
* This is the only day that the CL is fully formed*

50
Q

What occurs if the entire litter is mummified?

A

Pregnancy will progress to pseudopregnancy (>114days)

51
Q

What is the most common cause of infertility?

A

Hydrosalpinx

Due to adhesions, usually in older sows

52
Q

Which cause of infertility can be caused be estrus induction agents?

A

Cystic Ovarian Disease

53
Q

Which of these infectious causes of infertility DOES NOT cause infertility due to direct disruption of spermatogenesis via localization within the parenchyma?

a. Brucella
b. Chamydia
c. Leptospira
d. Rubulavirus

A

c. Leptospira

Causes infertility in the sow

54
Q

What are the 2 means by which bacteria cause infertility?

A

When they are introduced into the repro tract during breeding or parturition

When they cause septicemia (resulting in a loss of pregnancy and repro problems) or systemic illness (e.g. fever)

55
Q

What is the most common infectious cause of porcine pregnancy loss?

A

Leptospirosis

L. pomona most commonly

56
Q

How long does the vaccine against lepto last? How long is post-infection immunity?

A

6 months

1 year

57
Q

What ca be done to reduce the shedding of lepto?

A

Tetracyclines

58
Q

What is the method for the control of B. suis?

A

Test and slaughter

59
Q

Erysipelothrix rhusiopathiae is carried on the _____ of many pigs and may not cause clinical signs. The clinical course depends on _____. Abortion occurs secondary to _____ and ______.

A

Erysipelothrix rhusiopathiae is carried on the TONSILS of many pigs and may not cause clinical signs. The clinical course depends on STRESS . Abortion occurs secondary to FEVER and SEPTICEMIA.

60
Q

What are the 2 forms of the arterivirus that causes infertility in sows?

A

Reproductive failure

Post-weaning Respiratory Disease

PRRS (Porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome)

61
Q

How is PRRS diagnosed?

A

Herd serology

62
Q

What does porcine parvovirus cause?

A

SMEDI:

Stillbirths

Mummies

Ealy Embryonic death

Infetility

No maternal signs!

63
Q

What are the 2 most important vaccines the farmer must give his breeding pigs?

A

Lepto

Parvo

64
Q

Which herpes virus can cause encephalities, reproductive failure, and reduced litter size?

A

Pseudorabies (Aujesky’s Virus)

65
Q

How is pseudorabies eradicated from a herd?

a. Vaccinate healthy, cull sick
b. Isolate sick for 10-14 days
c. Whole herd depopulation
d. Let the disease run it’s course, no new pigs in until clinical signs resolve in all pigs

A

c. Whole herd depopulation

66
Q

Which reporable disease that can be transmitted by semen causes anorexia, cyanosis, fever, diarrhea, vomiting and abortions?

A

Hog Colera / Classical Swine Fever

Pestivirus

67
Q

If you notice sows on a farm exibiting signs of estrus, mammary development, and vaginal discharge what should you investigate in terms of their feed?

A

Look for moldy feed

(Fusarium roseum )

68
Q

What toxin in Fusarium roseum causes implantation failure?

A

Zearalenone

69
Q

What do you suspect is the cause of a late-term abortion in a sow that has cherry red tissues?

A

Carbon monoxide (220 ppm = toxic)

Therio (6 decks)

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