SURVEYS Flashcards
NHANES
National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey => All 5 areas of Nutritional Assessment NHANES I, II, III – 1970s-1990s - One 24 h recall only- back then people didnt know that this wasnt good enough- they then began doing 2 recalls
participants are “randonly” seleted and have to go complete a survey
Ongoing NHANES: yearly since 1999-00
what does NHANES use.
what do they do
uses mobile examination
centers (MEC)
MEC consist of four large trailers with the
diagnostic equipment to conduct a wide range of
physical and biochemical evaluations.
Physical examination = body measurements, a
variety of X-rays, audiometry, electrocardiography,
bone densitometry, allergy testing, and spirometry
(lung).
Dental examination.
Specimen collection (blood and urinary analysis).
Personal interview for nutrition-related information;
data on tobacco use among youngsters, sexual
experience, and depression; and tests of cognitive
development and learning achievement.
what do otehr countries use
NHANES-like surveys are becoming more and moe popular
what does Canada do
1970-72 = Nutrition Canada
Nutritional Assessment
Some biochemical measures (few available in
1970s)
Dietary assessment only a single 24h recall
Measured Ht and Wt but not BMI (wasnt really around then)
1990s = provincial nutrition surveys
diet was adjusted intake to “usual”
measured ht and wt
Only adults
Food Disappearance: CCHS Guide page 74
per capita food availability (purchased) yearly (look at food disapearances- cant see whos buying it though, or to see if the food was consumed- thrown away, fed to dog)
Canadian nutrition survey techiniques
24-h recall, ffq
repeated 24-h recall, ffq
do everyting as possible to not do follow-up- do it then
CCHS 2-year Cycle Design
Year 1 – “General” 130,000 respondents Stratified by health region Content common optional sub-sample Estimates for health regions, provinces, territories, Canada Called 1.x
Year 2 – “Focus” 30,000 respondents Stratified by province Content focus (60+ minutes) correlates Estimates for provinces, Canada (excluding territories) Called 2.x
CCHS Cycle 2.2: 2004
Focus = Nutrition
Sample 35,000 (oversmapled)
population aged 0+
national (excluding territories) & provincial
Residents of private households
Exclusions:
Indian reserves / crown lands
institutions (health institutions, prisons, religious
institutions, convents, etc.)
members of Canadian Forces
certain remote areas (north of Ontario and Québec)
Coverage (general) ~98% of targeted population
CCHS 2004 – Objectives – Intake
Estimates of usual dietary intake
“Usual” to be explained later – but allows for
comparison to DRIs
Measurement of foods (therefore nutrients), food
groups, dietary supplements & eating patterns
- Distribution of usual dietary intake at provincial and
national levels for all of the 15 DRI age/sex groups
Measures of the prevalence of household food
insecurity, scored using answers to series of
questions
would measure during a 24 hour period- would take data on where you ate and what you were eating
CCHS 2004 – Objectives – Anthropometry and
Activity
Estimates of Anthropometric measurements self-reported & measured height & weight Adiposity Collect correlate information physical / sedentary activity selected health conditions socio-demographic characteristics
CCHS Sample Design
Interview mode
1st interview (24-hour recall & general health) face-toface
2nd interview (24-hour recall) telephone (only chose 30% of the sample because of time and cost)
Proxy protocols
Respondents aged 12+: non-proxy (away from caregiver)
Aged 6 to 11: assisted-proxy (respondent and parent)
Aged 0 to 5: proxy (parent)
Computer-assisted interviews:
customized questionnaires, automated edits
General health component collect correlates & socio-demographics selected health conditions physical / sedentary activity household food security vitamin & mineral supplements ht & wt (self-reported, measured) 24-hour dietary recall component all foods & beverages during 24-hour
General Health Component
General Health (12y+) Physical Activity (12y+) Physical Activity (6-11y) Sedentary Activity (12 – 17y) Measured Ht, Wt (2y+) Self Reported Ht, Wt (10% sample, 18y+) Vitamin and Mineral Supplements (all ages) Household Food Security (all ages) Fruit and Vegetable Consumption (6 mo.+) Women’s Health (9y+) Chronic Conditions (all) Smoking (12y+) Alcohol Use (12y+) Socio-Demographics (all ages) Labour Force (15-75y) Income (all ages)
24-Hour Recall-AMPM
(all surveyors are using the same system
Food and drink from Midnight to Midnight
USDA’s automated multiple pass methodology
application (AMPM) five steps :
quick list – quick report
collect list of foods & beverages consumed
forgotten foods – anything else with that?
probes for foods forgotten in quick list
time and occasion – when / group items
collect time & eating occasion for each food
detail cycle – details
for each food, collect detailed description, amount &
additions
food booklet
final probe – any other food / beverage ?
2015 CCHS Nutrition Survey
Successfully completed Jan-Dec 2015 Similar design Many wanted North (Nunavit etc.) = too costly No one under 1 y of age Data are ready – some challenges compared to 2004 We will be able to compare to 2004 for most measures
What has been published?
Intakes of all major macro-and micronutrients;
from food and supplements
Beverages, sugar, salt, ultra-processed
foods, pulses
Food insecurity
Diet quality, Healthy eating Intake (HEI)
BMI
