Survey of voice disorders Flashcards
What characteristic differentiates functional from organic voice disorders?
Functional voice disorders have no known primary etiology that is neurological, structural, or systemic.
What is NOT an impaired characteristic of a voice disorder?
Dialect
What correctly describes a vocal handicap?
The individual must take time off from work because of voice problems.
What are etiologies of vocal process granulomas?
vocal behaviors, intubation, laryngopharyngeal reflux
Why do benign mid-membranous lesions tend to occur and where?
that region of the vocal folds experiences the greatest impact stress
What is the key difference between primary MTD and secondary MTD?
Primary MTD is present without structural, neurological, and systemic changes.
Why would vocal process granulomas cause pain but not vocal fold nodules?
there are pain receptors in the posterior region of the glottis
Endoscopic signs of MTD might include…
supraglottal constriction of the larynx
Nodules and polyps are thought to develop from phonotrauma that damages what vocal fold layer?
basement membrane zone
What organic voice disorder is characterized by a tissue bridge at the anterior region of the glottis?
laryngeal web
What theory explains the underlying etiology leading to the development of pseudocysts?
there is an underlying vocal fold paresis
What theory explains the development of a vocal fold epidermoid cyst?
there is trapped epithelial cell in the vocal fold lamina propria
What is believed to be the cause of the laryngeal papillomatosis?
human papilloma virus (HPV)
A difference between vocal fold nodules and polyps is…
nodules are typically bilateral
Symptoms of adductor spasmodic dysphonia become more severe on what type of stimuli?
voiced sounds
What correctly describes the impairment of paradoxical vocal fold motion?
involuntary vocal fold adduction during inspiration
What vocal tasks often perceptually reveal a vocal tremor best?
sustained vowel
Perceptual characteristics of presbylaryngis include…
reduced loudness and breathy voice
Incomplete maturation of the laryngeal cartilages at birth can cause a condition known as..
laryngomalacia
Why is laryngopharyngeal reflux most likely to irritate the posterior larynx that the anterior larynx?
the upper esophageal sphincter is located behind the posterior larynx
What vocal symptoms may indicate UVFP?
“whispery” voice quality, low volume and speaking pitch, wheezing, fatigue, etc.
What surgical procedure is commonly associated with UVFP?
thyroidectomy
What describes “functional” voice disorders?
deviant vocal behaviors; may cause tissue abnormalities
What describes “organic” voice disorders?
structural or neurological abnormalities
What describes “idiopathic” voice disorders?
unknown causes
What type of voice disorder may cause tension, soreness, or pain in the neck or shoulders?
MTD
What are the subtypes of voice disorders and/or abnormal tissues of MTD?
mutational falsetto, nodules, polyps, pseudocysts, granulomas, edema, and vascular injury
Which functional voice disorder is associated with mental illness, conversion disorders, mood disorders, etc.?
psychogenic dysphonia
Painful phonation, vegetative voice behaviors, and decreased fundamental frequency is indicative of which voice disorder?
psychogenic dysphonia
What type of MTD is characterized by an abnormally high pitch often in males?
mutational falsetto
What are some treatment considerations for “puberphonia”?
circumlaryngeal massage, repositioning, shaping of low pitch vegetative voicing, humming, etc.
What functional voice disorders are related to phonotrauma?
vocal fold nodules (VFN), VF pseudocysts, VF cysts, vocal process granulomas, edema/inflammation, and vascular injury
Where are VFN typically located?
mid-membranous regions of the VF (bilaterally)
What acoustic characteristics may present with VFN?
jitter/shimmer, breathy or hoarse vocal quality
What tissue malformation is translucent, non-capsulated and fluid-filled (e.g., blister-like)?
VF pseudocysts (e.g., “Reinke’s Edema”)
What abnormal tissues form on the SLLP and may not be visibly detectible due to its “deep” origin?
VF cysts
What abnormal tissue is typically pearly white or dull yellow and located on cartilaginous tissue (i.e., arytenoids)?
vocal process granulomas
What abnormal tissue is associated with chronic laryngitis and results in a low pitch and rough quality?
edema/inflammation
What neurological subtypes are considered to be organic voice disorders?
vocal fold paresis or paralysis
spasmodic dysphonia/dystonia
essential tremor
dysarthria
What are some structural, infection, or systemic organic voice disorders?
laryngeal cancer, presbylaryngis, laryngomalacia, etc.
Paradoxical vocal fold movement disorders (PVFM) and chronic cough are considered to be what type of voice disorder?
Idiopathic voice disorder
