Survey Of The Living Primates

Question 1

Mammalian traits

Answer 1

Mammary glands, fur/hair, homeothermy, heterodentiton, prolonged immaturity, and play behavior.

Question 2

Primate traits

Answer 2

All mammalian traits, nails, opposable thumb and toe, erect posture (upper body), emphasis on visual sense (forward facing eyes), stereoscopic vision, expansion and increased complexity of brain, post orbital bar, bony ear tube, and long gestation.

Question 3

Prosimians

Answer 3

Lemuriformes, lorisiformes, and tarsiiformes.

Question 4

Strepsirhini (suborder)

Answer 4

Rhinarium (wet nose), longer snout, laterally placed eyes, grooming claw, dental comb, unfused mandible, and no postorbital closure. Lemur and loris group.

Question 5

Haplorhini (suborder)

Answer 5

Post orbital closure, more forward facing orbits, relatively large brain, fused mandible*, shorter snout, and dry nose. Tarsiers, NWM, OWM, apes, and humans. *Except Tarsiers.

Question 6

Tarsiiformes (infra order)

Answer 6

Unfused mandible, huge eye orbits, grooming claw, and vertical clingers/leapers.

Question 7

Platyrrhini (infraorder)

Answer 7

Side-directed nostrils, dental formula 2-1-3-3, no bony ear tube, and some with prehensile tail. New World Monkeys.

Question 8

Catarrhini (infraorder)

Answer 8

Forward or down-directed nostrils, dental formula 2-1-2-3, and bony ear tube. Old World Monkeys, apes, and humans.

Question 9

Cercopithecoidea (superfamily)

Answer 9

Bilophodont (two cusps) molars, narrow thorax, and tail (not prehensile). Old World Monkeys.

Question 10

Hominoidea (superfamily)

Answer 10

Largest relative brain size, Y5 molar pattern, broad thorax, and no tail. Apes and humans.

Question 11

Old World Monkeys

Answer 11

Colobinae and Cercopithecinae. Diverse, distributed widely, quadrupeds, sexual dimorphism, ischial callosities, and visible estrus.

Question 12

Colobinae (subfamily)

Answer 12

Acrobatic leapers, black and white colobus, complex gut, and folivores.

Question 13

Cercopithecinae (subfamily)

Answer 13

Terrestrial, frugivores, cheek pouch, and polygynous and polygamous.

Question 14

New World Monkeys

Answer 14

Aotidae, Atelidae, Pitheciidae, Cebidae, saimiriinae, and Callitrichinae. Southern Mexico to South America, vary in size and diet, most arboreal, diurnal, and quadrupedal.

Question 15

Aotidae (family)

Answer 15

Azara’s Owl monkey and grey handed owl monkey. Only nocturnal NWM, monogamous.

Question 16

Atelidae (family)

Answer 16

Spider monkey and red howler monkey. Prehensile tailed monkeys -> NWM group.

Question 17

Pitheciidae (family)

Answer 17

Saki, Titis, and Red Vakari. Highly arboreal.

Question 18

Cebidae (Family)

Answer 18

White faced capuchin and Bolivian squirrel monkey. Has three subfamilies.

Question 19

Cebinae and saimiriinae (cebidae subfamily)

Answer 19

Promiscuous mating, capuchins have prehensile tails.

Question 20

Callitrichinae (cebidae subfamily)

Answer 20

Cotton tip tamarin, Pygmy marmoset, and emperor tamarin. Claws, tend to give birth to twins, gummivores, polyandry (multiple males).

Question 21

Hominoids

Answer 21

Hylobatidae and Hominidae. Lesser apes, great apes, and humans. More complex behaviors, larger body size, absence of visible tail, and shorter trunk.

Question 22

Hylobatidae (family)

Answer 22

White handed gibbon and siamang. Asia, brachiators, frugivorous, monogamous, and highly territorial.

Question 23

Hominidae (family)

Answer 23

Gorilla, orangutan, chimpanzee, bonobo, human.

Question 24

Hominini (tribe)

Answer 24

Includes genus Homo.

Question 25

Homo (genus)

Answer 25

Includes modern humans, Homo sapiens, as well as other extinct species like Homo neanderthalensis.