Survey designs

Question 1

Definition of Sampling frame.

Answer 1

Sampling frame is a list of people in the population.

Question 2

Definition of sample.

Answer 2

Sample is a smaller group of people from the population.

Question 3

Definition of element.

Answer 3

element is a unit of data e.g. one person.

Question 4

Definition of population.

Answer 4

Population is every person in a group that the researcher is interested in.

Question 5

Definition of Snowball sampling

Answer 5

is a type of non-probability sampling that involves existing participants recruiting other participants.

Question 6

Definition of Census

Answer 6

Census is the whole population of interest.

Question 7

Why do we do sample instead of census?

Answer 7

We use a sample instead of a census in a study because a census would be very time consuming and expensive.

Question 8

What are the two types of sampling?

Answer 8

The two types of sampling are probability sampling and non-probability sampling. Probability sampling is when everyone in a population has an equal chance of being in the sample. Non-probability sampling is when everyone in a population does not have an equal chance of being in the sample.

Question 9

Definition of Probability sampling

Answer 9

Probability sampling is when everyone in a population has an equal chance of being in the sample.

Question 10

Definition of Non-probability sampling

Answer 10

Non-probability sampling is when everyone in a population does not have a equal chance of being in a sample.

Question 11

Definition of Accidental (opportunity) sampling

Answer 11

Accidental sampling = is a type of non-probability sampling. Accidental sampling is choosing people who are easy to reach to be in the sample.

Question 12

Definition of Purposive sampling

Answer 12

Purposive sampling = is a type of non-probability sampling. Purposive sampling is using your own judgement to decide who should be in the sample.

Question 13

Definition of Quota sampling

Answer 13

Quota sampling = is a type of non-probability sampling. Quota sampling involves choosing people who represent the population.

Question 14

Definition of simple random sampling

Answer 14

Simple random sampling is a type of probability sampling it involves randomly choosing people by giving people unique numbers and numbers are chosen from a hat randomly.

Question 15

Definition of 2-stage random sampling

Answer 15

2-stage random sampling is a type of probability sampling. it is when a population is divided into groups and people are chosen from each group.

Question 16

Definition of Stratified sampling

Answer 16

Stratified sampling is a type of probability sampling. Stratified sampling is when a population is divided into groups called strata. Each strata (group) has similar characteristics.

Question 17

Definition of Multi-stage Stratification.

Answer 17

Multi-stage stratification is a type of probability sampling. Multi-stage stratification is when a large population is divided into stages.

Question 18

Definition of cluster sampling.

Answer 18

Cluster sampling is a type of probability sampling. Cluster sampling is when a population is divided into pre-exisiting clusters.

Question 19

Definition of systematic sampling.

Answer 19

Systematic sampling is a type of probability sampling. Systematic sampling is when people are chosen at a regular interval e.g. every 10th person.

Question 20

What is the difference between probability sampling and non-probability sampling?

Answer 20

Probability sampling is when everyone in a population has an equal chance of being chosen. Non-probability sampling is when everyone in a population does not have a equal chance of being chosen.

Question 21

Definition of stratification

Answer 21

Stratification means dividing people into groups.

Question 22

Why is bias bad?

Answer 22

Bad makes the sample unrepresentative of the population.

Question 23

Definition of cross sectional study.

Answer 23

Cross sectional study analyses data at one single point in time.

Question 24

Definition of longitudinal study.

Answer 24

Longitudinal study analyses data over an extended period of time.

Question 25

Definition of Prevalence rate

Answer 25

Prevalence rate is the amount of people who have a condition at one point in time.

Question 26

Definition of Period prevalence rate

Answer 26

Period prevalence rate is the amount of people who have a condition during a specific period of time.

Question 27

Definition of Incidence rate.

Answer 27

Incidence rate is the amount of people who have developed a condition during a period of time. so it is the number of new cases during a period time.

Question 28

what is a good standard error?

Answer 28

Two standard errors above or below the mean gives a 95% confidence interval?

Question 29

successive cross sectional

Answer 29

successive cross sectional is looking at 2 or more groups of people of different ages and comparing them over an extended periof of time.

Question 30

advantages and disadvantages of cross sectional

Answer 30

cross sectional study is less expensive and less time-consuming but cross sectional study is bad because there is a possible of confounding variables.

Question 31

advantages and disadvantages of longitudinal

Answer 31

Longitudinal study gives a better idea of cause and effect relationship but it is time consuming and expensive.