Surveillance Flashcards
1
Q
Monitoring
A
- objective is to identify changes
- ex: parameters of patient
- effort: needs some resources, needs some money
2
Q
Salmonella in Livestock
A
- If you have 3 cows (echo) from the same farm at the same time- wouldn’t count them as separate incidences
- increase or change in pattern?
3
Q
Salmonella in Humans
A
- each color is different serovars
- minor drop in number of human cases
- not all serovars decrease equally
- There is no clear parallel in decreasing trend in humans and livestock in recent years! - there may be in humans and poultry
4
Q
Weekly Consultation Rates
A
5
Q
Surveillance
A
- Includes action to be taken when change is noted
6
Q
Target for Clinical Mastitis
A
- 30 cases/100 cows/year
7
Q
Objectives of Surveillance
A
- can modify targets and thresholds of when you take action depending on the farm
8
Q
Potential Changes to BSE changes
A
- should we change the way we do surveillance?
- did a cost effective analysis - not necessarily about saving money but about cost relocation
9
Q
Surveillance of the Individual Farm
A
- Largely focus on productivity - use productivity measures often
- data is reliant on the data record system
- and feedback to the farmer
10
Q
Farm Level Surveillance Systems
A
11
Q
Monitoring/Surveillance levels and objectives
A
- ex: wildlife in U.S. - carries out surveys of wildlife and has cases of emergency in wildlife where we need to respond
12
Q
Case Definition
A
- recording occurences, but need to be clear and consistent in what we are recording or else it is useless
- Using clinical criteria to define the cases
- must use practical and pragmatic case definition (shrimp example)
13
Q
Background - Outbreaks
A
- can have several outbreaks as part of one epidemic
14
Q
Monitoring and Surveillance:
Results
A
15
Q
Incidence
A
ex: 30 cases of clinical mastitis/100 cows/year
* incience is about new cases where as prevelance is about all cases
