Surgical SYNDROMES

Question 1

Obstruction of the afferent loop of a

Billroth II gastrojejunostomy

Answer 1

Afferent loop syndrome

Question 2

What does ARDS stand for?

Answer 2

Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome
(poor oxygenation caused by alveolar and
capillary inflammation)

Question 3

Bacterial overgrowth of intestine caused by

stasis

Answer 3

Blind loop syndrome

Question 4

Esophageal perforation

Answer 4

Boerhaave’s syndrome

Question 5

Thrombosis of the hepatic veins

Answer 5

Budd-Chiari syndrome

Question 6

Bronchospasm
Flushing
Diarrhea
Right-sided heart failure (caused by factors released by a tumor)

Answer 6

Carcinoid syndrome

Question 7

Compartmental hypertension caused by
edema, resulting in muscle necrosis of
the lower extremity, because the fascial
compatment do NOT stretch, often seen in
the calf; patient may have a distal pulse

Answer 7

Compartment syndrome

Question 8

Excessive cortisol production

Answer 8

Cushing’s syndrome

Question 9

Delivery of a large amount of
hyperosmolar chyme into the small
bowel, usually after vagotomy and a
gastric drainage procedure (pyloroplasty/
gastrojejunostomy); results in autonomic
instability, abdominal pain, and diarrhea

Answer 9

Dumping syndrome

Question 10

Perihepatic gonorrhea infection (perihepatic adhesions)

Answer 10

Fitz-Hugh-Curtis syndrome

Question 11

GI polyps and associated findings of
Sebaceous cysts, Osteomas, and Desmoid
tumors (SOD); polyps have high
malignancy potential

Answer 11

Gardner’s syndrome

(Think: A Gardner
plants SOD)

Question 12

Heparin-induced
platelet antibodies cause platelets to
thrombose vessels, often resulting in loss
of limb or life

Answer 12

HIIT syndrome

Heparin-Induced Thrombocytopenic Thrombosis

Question 13

1. Claudication of buttocks and thighs
2. Impotence
3. Atrophy of legs

Answer 13

Leriche’s syndrome

(seen with iliac
occlusive disease) (Think: CIA)

Question 14

Post-emesis/-retching tears in the gastric

mucosa (near gastroesophageal junction)

Answer 14

Mallory-Weiss syndrome

Question 15

Chemical pneumonitis after aspiration of gastric contents

Answer 15

Mendelson’s syndrome

Question 16

Extrinsic obstruction of the common hepatic bile duct from a gallstone in the gallbladder or cystic duct

Answer 16

Mirizzi’s syndrome

Question 17

Self-induced illness; patient desires the attention comfort of the “sick” role

Answer 17

Munchausen syndrome

Question 18

Massive nonobstructive colonnic dilatation

Answer 18

Ogilvie’s syndrome

Question 19

Benign GI polyps and buccal pigmentation

Answer 19

Peutz-Jeghers syndrome

Think: Peutz = Pigmentation

Question 20

Syndrome of:

1. Esophageal web
2. Iron-deficiency anemia
3. Dysphagia
4. Spoon-shaped nails
5. Atrophic oral and tongue mucosa

Typically occurs in elderly women; 10%
develop squamous cell carcinoma

Answer 20

Plummer-Vinson syndrome

Question 21

Syndrome of rapid vancomycin infusion,

resulting in skin erythema

Answer 21

RED reaction syndrome

Question 22

Hypokalemia, hypomagnesemia, and
hypophosphatemia after refeeding a
starved patient

Answer 22

Refeeding syndrome

Question 23

Syndrome of GI tract telangiectasia/A-V

malformations

Answer 23

Rendu-Osler-Weber syndrome

Question 24

Malnutrition resulting from

Answer 24

Short-gut syndrome

Question 25

What is SIADH?

Answer 25

Syndrome of Inappropriate AntiDiuretic
Hormone (Think: Inappropriately
Increased ADH)

Question 26

What is another name for Sipple’s syndrome

Answer 26

MEN II

Question 27

Obstruction of the SVC (e.g., by tumor, thrombosis)

Answer 27

Superior vena cava syndrome

Question 28

Compression of the structures exiting from the thoracic outlet

Answer 28

Thoracic outlet syndrome

Question 29

Costochondritis of rib cartilage; aseptic (Treat with NSAIDS)

Answer 29

Tietze’s syndrome

Question 30

Staphylococcus aureus toxin-induced
syndrome marked by:
1. Fever
2. Hypotension
3. Organ failure
4. Rash (desquamation—
especially palms and soles)

Answer 30

Toxic shock syndrome

Question 31

Syndrome of deep venous thrombosis (DVT) associated with carcinoma

Answer 31

Trousseau’s syndrome

Question 32

What is another name for Wermer’s syndrome

Answer 32

Men I

Question 33

Gastrinoma and PUD

Answer 33

Zollinger-Ellison syndrome