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Surgery Recall > Surgery signs, triads, ETC. you should know > Flashcards

Surgery signs, triads, ETC. you should know Flashcards

1
Q

ABCDEs of melanoma

A

Signs of melanoma:

Asymmetric
Border irregularities
Color variation
Diameter 0.6 cm and Dark color
Evolution (i.e., change in lesion)
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2
Q

Constant dullness to percussion in the le
ank/LUQ and resonance to percussion
in the right ank seen with splenic
rupture/hematoma

A

Ballance’s sign

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3
Q

Columnar metaplasia of the distal

esophagus (GERD related)

A

Barrett’s esophagus

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4
Q

Ecchymosis over the mastoid process in patients with basilar skull fractures

A

Battle’s sign

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5
Q
  1. JVD
  2. Decreased or mu ed heart sounds
  3. Decreased blood pressure
A

Beck’s triad

Seen in patients with cardiac tamponade

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6
Q
  1. Mental status changes
  2. Petechiae (o en in the axilla/thorax)
  3. Dyspnea
A

Bergman’s triad

Seen with fat emboli syndrome

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7
Q

Metastatic disease to the rectouterine
(pouch of Douglas) or rectovesical pouch
creating a “shelf” that is palpable on
rectal examination

A

Blumer’s shelf

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8
Q

Right subscapular pain resulting from cholelithiasis

A

Boas’ sign

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9
Q
  1. Emesis followed by retching
  2. Epigastric distention
  3. Failure to pass an NG
A

Borchardt’s triad

Seen with gastric volvulus

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10
Q
  1. Flushing
  2. Diarrhea
  3. Right-sided heart failure
A

Carcinoid triad

Seen with carcinoid syndrome - Think “FDR”

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11
Q
  1. Fever (chills)
  2. Jaundice
  3. Right upper quadrant pain
A

Charcot’s triad

Seen with cholangitis

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12
Q

Twitching of facial muscles upon
tapping the facial nerve in patients with
hypocalcemia

A

Chvostek’s sign

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13
Q

Enlarged nontender gallbladder seen with
obstruction of the common bile duct, most
commonly with pancreatic cancer
Note: not seen with gallstone obstruction
because the gallbladder is scarred
secondary to chronic cholelithiasis

A

Courvoisier’s law

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14
Q

Bluish discoloration of the periumbilical
area due to retroperitoneal hemorrhage
tracking around to the anterior abdominal
wall through fascial planes (e.g., acute
hemorrhagic pancreatitis)

A

Cullen’s sign

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15
Q

In the context of possible increased ICP:

  1. Hypertension
  2. Bradycardia
  3. Irregular respirations
A

Cushing’s triad

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16
Q

Empty right lower quadrant in children

with ileocecal intussusception

A

Dance’s sign

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17
Q

Used to di erentiate an intra-abdominal
mass from one in the abdominal wall; if
mass is felt while there is tension on the
musculature, then it is in the wall (i.e.,
sitting halfway upright)

A

Fothergill’s sign

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18
Q

Ecchymosis of inguinal ligament seen with

retroperitoneal bleeding

A

Fox’s sign

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19
Q

Anal stulae course in a straight path
anteriorly and a curved path posteriorly
from midline

A

Goodsall’s rule
(Think of a dog with a
straight anterior nose and a curved
posterior tail)

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20
Q

Ecchymosis or discoloration of the flank in
patients with retroperitoneal hemorrhage
as a result of dissecting blood from the
retroperitoneum

A

Grey Turner’s sign
(Think: TURNer’s =
TURN side-to-side = flank)

21
Q

Crunching sound on auscultation of the
heart resulting from emphysematous
mediastinum; seen with Boerhaave’s
syndrome, pneumomediastinum, etc.

A

Hamman’s sign/crunch

22
Q

Calf pain on forced dorsiflexion of the foot in patient with DVT

A

Homan’s sign

23
Q

Pain along the inner aspect of the thigh;
seen with an obturator hernia as the result
of nerve compression

A

Howship-Romberg sign

24
Q

Severe le shoulder pain in patients with
splenic rupture (as a result of referred pain
from diaphragmatic irritation)

A

Kehr’s sign

25
Q

Visible peristalsis of the ureter in response
to squeezing or retraction; used to identify
the ureter during surgery

A

Kelly’s sign

26
Q

Metastatic tumor to the ovary (classically

from gastric cancer)

A

Krukenberg tumor

27
Q

Wall tension pressure radius (thus,
the colon perforates preferentially at the
cecum because of the increased radius and
resultant increased wall tension)

A

Laplace’s law

28
Q

One third the distance from the anterior
iliac spine to the umbilicus on a line
connecting the two

A

McBurney’s point

29
Q

Tenderness at McBurney’s point in patients with appendicitis

A

McBurney’s sign

30
Q

Meckel’s diverticulum rule of 2s

A 
»2% of the population have a Meckel’s
diverticulum
»2% of those are symptomatic
»Occur within ~2 feet of the
ileocecal valve
31
Q

Lower quadrant pain due to ovulation

A

Mittelschmerz

32
Q

Cessation of inspiration while palpating under the right costal margin; the patient cannot continue to inspire deeply because it brings an inflamed gallbladder under pressure

A

Murphy’s sign

Seen in acute cholecystitis

33
Q

Pain upon internal rotation of the leg with
the hip and knee flexed; seen in patients
with appendicitis/pelvic abscess

A

Obturator sign

34
Q

Palpitations
Headache
Episodic diaphoresis

A

Pheochromocytoma
SYMPTOMS triad

(Think of the first three letters in the word
pheochromocytoma—“P-H-E”)

35
Q

Pheochromocytoma rule of

10s

A 
» 10% bilateral
» 10% malignant
» 10% in children
» 10% extra-adrenal
» 10% have multiple tumors
36
Q

Pain elicited by extending the hip with
the knee in full extension, seen with
appendicitis and psoas inflammation

A

Psoas sign

37
Q

Bilateral black eyes as a result of basilar

skull fracture

A

Raccoon eyes

38
Q
  1. Fever
  2. Jaundice
  3. Right upper quadrant pain
  4. Mental status changes
  5. Shock/sepsis
A

Reynold’s pentad

(Thus, Charcot’s triad plus #4 and #5; seen
in patients with suppurative cholangitis)

39
Q

Palpation of the left lower quadrant
resulting in pain in the right lower
quadrant

A

Rovsing’s sign

Seen in appendicitis

40
Q
  1. Cholelithiasis
  2. Hiatal hernia
  3. Diverticular disease
A

Saint’s triad

41
Q

Indirect hernia sac in the pediatric patient;
the sac feels like a finger of a silk glove
when rolled under the examining finger

A

Silk glove sign

42
Q

Metastatic tumor to umbilical lymph

node(s)

A

Sister Mary Joseph’s sign
(a.k.a. Sister Mary Joseph’s
node)

43
Q

Metastatic tumor to left supraclavicular

node (classically due to gastric cancer)

A

Virchow’s node

44
Q
  1. Stasis
  2. Abnormal endothelium
  3. Hypercoagulability
A

Virchow’s triad

Risk factors for thrombosis

45
Q

Carpal spasm after occlusion of blood to
the forearm with a BP cuff in patients with
hypocalcemia

A

Trousseau’s sign

46
Q

Right lower quadrant pain from a
perforated peptic ulcer due to succus/
pus draining into the RLQ

A

Valentino’s sign

47
Q

Decreased pulmonary vascular markings on

CXR in a patient with pulmonary embolus

A

Westermark’s sign

48
Q
  1. Hypoglycemia (
A

Whipple’s triad

Evidence for insulinoma

Surgery Recall (4 decks)

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