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GI Pathology > Surgical Problems in Pediatrics > Flashcards

Surgical Problems in Pediatrics Flashcards

1
Q

What is the treatment of Lymphadenopathy

A

Infectous- Abtx
Reactive- Observation and Follow up
Malignancy- Excisional or incisional biopsy

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2
Q

What is the Tx of Thyroglossal duct cyst?

A

Remove with mid portion of Hyoid

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3
Q

How is a Thyroglossal duct cyst IDed?

A

Midline Neck mass, moves with the tongue

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4
Q

What is the Tx of COngenital Torticollis?

A

Physical Therapy, Stretching, Surgry if it doesn’t resolve

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5
Q

What are causes of COngenital Torticollis?

A

Birth Trauma, Vertebral issues

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6
Q

What is Pulmonary Sequestration?

A

Lungs dissconnecte from Bronchial tree. independant blood supply. Can be intralobar or extralobar.

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7
Q

How is pulmonary sequestration Diagnosed?

A

CT of Chest

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8
Q

What is the Tx Of esophageal Atresia?

A

Aspirate Prox pouch
Gastrotomy?
Right thoracotomy, Extrapleural repair

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9
Q

How is Esophageal Atresia Identified in the clinic?

A

Excessive drooling/saliva

Chest x ray.

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10
Q

What is the VACTERL Association?

A 
Vertebral
Anorectal
Cardio
Tracheal
Esophageal
Renal 
Limb
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11
Q

What is Diaphragmatic Hernia?

A

Stomach Herniates into the Thorax
Surgury after 24hrs
Hypoplastic Lung
Pulmonary Hypertension

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12
Q

Chest wall Deformity

A

Pectus Excavatum, Pectus Carinatum, Sternal Cleft

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13
Q

Chest wall Deformity Tx?

A

Surgery after physical maturity is reached. Remodel cartilige and sternum

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14
Q

What is an omphalocele?

A

Midline abdominal defect with umbilical membrane covering. Beckwith Wiedman Syndrome

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15
Q

What is Gastroschesis?

A

Abd. wall defect to right of umbilicus. Better outcome than omohalocele.

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16
Q

Risks associated with Omphalocele and Gastroschisis?

A

No covering over intestines. Succeptible to infection.

17
Q

What is a malrotation and and volvulus?

A

Failure of gut to rotate and fix in abdomen. Midgut free to rotate around the SMA.
Forceful Billious vomiting
Ischemic pain
Can happen at any age’
Duodenum must cross the midline and rise to the level of the pylorus. If not it is a volvulus

18
Q

What imaging finding is associated with Duodenal Atresia?

A

Double Bubble

19
Q

What is Midgut atresia?

A

Mesenteric vascular accident causing abnormalities in formation.

20
Q

What is Meckel’s Diverticulum?

A

2 feet from the iliocecal valve

Can present as diverticulitis, Intusseseption, of bleeding

21
Q

What is Hirschprung’s disease?

A

Failure of Migtation of neural crest cells. Low peristalsis
Enterocolitis may be fatal (Toxic Megacolon)
Barium enema
Rectal manometry

22
Q

Where is the most common location of Hirschprung’s disease?

A

Rectosigmoidal segment. (81%)
Transverse(10%)
Iliocecal (9%)

23
Q

What is imperforate Anus?

A

Cloaca doesn’t separate into Rectum and urogenital sinus. No anal opening. Recto urogenital fistula.
also rectovaginal fistula.

24
Q

What is an umbilical hernia?

A

Outpouching of intestines into a pouch near the umbilicus. May act as a bowel obstruction. Usually a small hole. wait til 3-5yo to fix. otherwise recurrence is relatively high.

25
Q

What is intussuseption?

A 
Telescoping of the Bowel. can cause ischemia
Paroxismal Pain, Crampy
Can be normal, or subdued between cramps
Currant jelly stool. Blood, etc. 
Ultra SOund better than CT
26
Q

Tx for intussuseption?

A

Barium or air enema may be diagnostic or curative!

27
Q

What is Pyloric Stenosis?

A 
Narrowin of the Pylorus
Non-bilous vomiting.
More common in males
Can palpate "olive" stomach
US is diagnostic.
Tx is dividing Stenotic muscles.
28
Q

What is biliary Atresia?

A

Persistant direct hyperbili

29
Q

What is a choledochal Cyst?

A

…

30
Q

What is an indirect inguinal hernia?

A

Related to testicular descent.
Intestines push through the abdominal wall and sometimes into the scrotum.
Can compomise blood flow to the Testes or protruding bowel.

31
Q

What are undescended testes?

A

orchiopexy
More common in preemies
Retractile(undescended) vs ectopic testes
Increased risk of cancer.

32
Q

How do you tell the difference between Retractile and ectopic testes?

A

US or scope to find in the abdomen

If you can palpate in the testicle in the Inguinal canal it is retractile.

GI Pathology (12 decks)

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