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GI Pathology > Exocrine Pancreas Pathology > Flashcards

Exocrine Pancreas Pathology Flashcards

1
Q

What are the top Metabolic Etiologies of Acute pancreatitis?

A 
ALCOHOLISM
Hyperlipoproteinemia
Hypercalcemia
Drugs
Genetic
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2
Q

What are the top Mechanical Etiologies of Acute pancreatitis?

A 
Galstones
Trauma
Iatrogenic Injury
-Perioperative
-Endoscopic Pocedres with dye injection
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3
Q

What are the top Vascular Etiologies of Acute pancreatitis?

A

Schock
Atheroembolism
Vasculitis

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4
Q

What are the top Infectious Etiologies of Acute pancreatitis?

A

Mumps
Coxsackievirus
Mycoplasma Pneumoniae

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5
Q

What Pancreatic Enzymes are released that cause pathology in pancreatitis?

A

Proteases(Proteolysis)
Lipase (Fat Necrosis)
Phospholipase
ELastase(hemorrhage)

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6
Q

What is the most diagnostic enzyme secreted by the pancreas?

A

Pancreatic Lipase

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7
Q

Where does pancreatitis refer pain to?

A

Acute Epigastric Pain

Mid Back

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8
Q

What is the main difference between Serum Lipase and Amylase?

A

Amylase peaks sooner

Lipase lasts longer (7-14 days)

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9
Q

Waht are the aspects of pancreatitis that are responsible for its high mortality?

A

Acute Pain, Shock, ARDS, Hypocalcemia

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10
Q

What versions of Pancrreatitis are most serious?

A

Acute Necrotizing p. Bad
Hemmhoragic p. Bad
Acute Interstitial p.

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11
Q

What is so bad about Nec. Panc and Hem. Panc.?

A

Inflammatory Mediators, and activated enzymes

  • leukocytosis
  • DIC
  • fluid sequestration
  • diffuse fat necrosis
  • ARDS
  • SHOCK and ACUTE TUBULAR NECROSIS
  • vasoactivators => Vasodilation=> Dec BP
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12
Q

Sequelea of Acute Pancreatitis

A

Sterile abcess
Pseudocyst-Collection of blood, debris, tissue, fluid
infected Pancreatic Necrosis

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13
Q

What cellular markers are released in chronic pancreatitis?

A

TGFBeta
PDGF
Collagen secretion ECM Growth Factor

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14
Q

What is the main change in the pancreas caused by chronic pancreatitis

A

Diffuse Fibrosis and decrease in glandular activity.

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15
Q

What mutations are causes of chronic Pancreatitis?

A

PRSS1 and SPINK1

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16
Q

What is the most common cause of Chron Panc at a young age?

A

Cystic Fibrosis (CFTR gene mutation)

17
Q

What is the most common cause of Chron Panc?

A

Alcohol abuse
Idiopathic
Gallstones

18
Q

Waht is the cellular morphology of Chronic Pancreatitis?

A

Acinar cell Drop out
Chronic Inflammatory infiltrate
Marked Fibrosis
Protein Precipitates

19
Q

What is the classical triad of progressive inflammatory disease of the pancreas?

A

Diabetes
Steatorrhea
Calcifications

also permanent impairment of function
Irreversible morphologic changes

20
Q

Where is the mutation associated with Von Hipple Lindau Syndrome

A

Chromosome 3

21
Q

What is the congenital disorder that leads to cysts in the pancreas, liver, and kidneys.

A

Von-Hippel-Lindau Syndrome

22
Q

What are the different types of Cystic Tumors?

A

Microcystic serous cystadenoma
Mucinous cystic tumors
Solid Pseudopapillary Tumor
Intraductal Pappillary Mucinous neoplasms

23
Q

What is the danger of Intraductal Pappillary Mucinous neoplasms?

A

They can grow and obstruct the pancreatic ducts and eventually become cancerous

24
Q

What is the difficulty with diagnosing Pancreatic cancer?

A

None of the symptoms are specific to the pancreas?

25
Q

What gene does smoking stimulate to cause pancreatic cancer?

A

K-Ras

26
Q

What is the biggest environemental risk factor for pancreatic cancer?

A

Smoking

27
Q

Where is the most common place for Pancreatic cancer to arise?

A

In the head of the pancreas(60%)

28
Q

Where is the most common site of mets of Panc. Cancer?

A

Liver
lung
peritoneum

29
Q

What demographic has Gallstones more often?

A

Native Americans
Mexicans
Northern Europe
N/S America

30
Q

What is Accretion?

A

The formation of a Gallstone

31
Q

What causes Pigmented Gallstones?

A

Chronic Hemolytic Syndrome
BT infection
Ileal Disease
Ca Precipitation of Bili

32
Q

What causes Cholesterolosis/ strawberry gallblader?

A

High Cholesterol Diet or hyperlipidemia

33
Q

What causes Chronic Cholecystitis?

A

Long standing inflammation of the GB
Accumulated damage of Acute attacks
Chronic infection

34
Q

What is the appearance of Chronic Cholecystitis?

A

Thickenign of the GB wall and infiltration of inflammatory cells

35
Q

What are the complications of Cholecystitis?

A

Bacterial Superinfection
GB Perforation Abcess
GB rupture and Peritonitis
Biliary eteric fistula-gallstone induced intestinal obstruction

GI Pathology (12 decks)

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