Surgical Nursing Flashcards
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Sensory (s) Motor (m) Both (b)
Olfactory Nerve, Optic Nerve, Oculomotor Nerve, Trochlear Nerve, Trigeminal Nerve, Abducens Nerve, Facial Nerve, Vestibulocochlear Nerve, Glossopharyngeal Nerve, Vagus Nerve, Spinal Accessory Nerve, Hypoglossal Nerve
CN I – Olfactory Nerve
Mediates the sense of smell, observed when the pet sniffs around its environment
CN II – Optic Nerve
Carries visual signals from retina to occipital lobe of brain, observed as the pet tracks an object with its eyes. It also causes pupil constriction.
The Menace response is the waving of the hand at the dog’s eye to see if it blinks (this nerve provides the vision; the blink is due to cranial nerve VII)
CN III – Oculomotor Nerve
• Provides motor to most of the extraocular muscles (dorsal, ventral, and medial rectus) and for pupil constriction
o Observing pupillary constriction in PLR
CN IV – Trochlear Nerve
• Provides motor function to the dorsal oblique extraocular muscle and rolls globe medially
CN V – Trigeminal Nerve – Maxillary, Mandibular, and Ophthalmic Branches
• Provides motor to muscles of mastication (chewing muscles) and sensory to eyelids, cornea, tongue, nasal mucosa and mouth.
CN VI- Abducens Nerve
• Provides motor function to the lateral rectus extraocular muscle and retractor bulbi
• Examined by touching the globe and observing for retraction (also tests V for sensory)
Responsible for physiologic nystagmus when turning head (also involves III, IV, and VIII)
CN VII – Facial Nerve
Providesmotortomusclesoffacialexpression(eyelids,ears,lips)andsensorytomedialpinna(ear flap). Also taste to rostral tongue.
o Palpebral response –motor for the blink reflex when touching medial canthus (also tests V for
sensory)
o Observe for facial paralysis, deviation of nose to one side, or droopy lips o Schirmer tear test (this nerve also helps with tear production)
CN VIII – Vestibulocochlear Nerve
• Sensory for hearing and head position
• A head tilt or nystagmus may suggest dysfunction of this nerve (vestibular disease or
inner ear disease)
CN IX – Glossopharyngeal Nerve
- Innervates the pharynx for swallowing (with X). Also innervates some salivary glands and provides taste innervation from caudal tongue
- Examine by eliciting a gag reflex and observing for dysphagia (difficulty swallowing).
CN X – Vagus Nerve
- Innervates the larynx, esophagus, and pharynx. Also provides parasympathetic innervation to the heart and viscera
- Tested with a gag reflex (along with CN IX)
CN XI – Spinal Accessory Nerve
• Innervates cranial cervical (neck) muscles
CN XII – Hypoglossal Nerve
• Motor to the tongue (causes tongue movement)
Parts of the mouth
Soft palate, hard palate, oropharynx, salivary glands, teeth
Mastication
Chewing
Anatomy of Esophagus
2 layers of lining: Mucosa and Submucosa
2 layers of muscle: Longitudinal and circular
Ruminants have how many stomachs and what are they?
4
Reticulum, Rumen, Omasum, abomasum
Monogastric
Single stomach that has 3 parts
Fundus, body, antrum
Pepsin
Enzyme that breaks down proteins into amino acids
What protects the stomach from being digested by its own secretions?
Mucin and bicarbonate
What are the three parts of the small intestines?
Duodenum, jejunum, ileum
Duodenum
upper small intestines which is connected to the stomach and on which the pancreas is attached.
Jejunum
Makes up the majority of the small intestines ( middle segment)
Ilieum
connects to the cecum
What are fats digested by?
Emulsification and micelle formation
How are carbohydrates digested in ruminants
fermentation process
What enzyme does the pancreas secrete and how does it help?
Proteases, breaks down proteins int o amino acid chains and then absorbed across the brush boarder
What are the parts of the large intestines?
Cecum, Colon
Cecum
Blind Sac; More advanced in ruminants- fermentation
Where the small intestine and large intestine meet
Horses: cecum and colon are referred to Hindgut.
Colon
Absorb nutrients and water that aren't already absorbed by small intestines store feces (rectum)
components of the anus
- Internal sphincter
2. External sphincter
Internal Sphincter
Involuntary control
Allows for fecal material accumulation
Fecal material comes into contact with anal mucosa and this stimulates mucosal receptors
External Sphincter
Voluntary control
Mucosal receptors signal the need for defe cation
Allows for voluntary control of defecation
What are the Kidneys responsible for?
regulating water and electrolyte balance
excretes wastes and toxins
aids in retaining portion and glucose
maintains Acid:Base Homeostasis
common absorbable suture
- Catgut
- Dexon
- Monocryl • Vicryl
- Caprosyn • PDSII
- Maxon
- Biosyn
common non absorbable suture
- Nylon
- Polypropylene (Prolene)
- Silk
- Polybutester (Novafil)
- Polymerized caprolactum (Vetafil)
What fracture occurs at the growth plate and is seen in young animals?
Salter-Harris
What is a hair-line fracture that is not separated from the bone shaft?
Greenstick
What fracture is a break in the shaft that results in two long sharp points?
Oblique fracture (spiral fracture)
What fracture is a break that goes directly across the bone shaft?
Transverse
What fracture has multiple fragments?
Comminuted
What is the most common surgical approach to the abdominal cavity, in a horse?
Ventral midline incision
The small intestine is made up of four layers. What are these layers from the inside to outside?
Mucosa, submucosa, muscularis, serosa
What is a celiotomy?
Surgical incision into the abdominal cavity
What is the maximum amount of time that a esmarch and tourniquet may be left in place for?
Maximum amount of time is 2 hours
Following GI surgery when should a dog or cat be offered food?
12-24 hours
