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Principles of Surgery > Surgical Instruments > Flashcards

Surgical Instruments Flashcards

1
Q

What are the main 3 types of needle drivers?

A
  1. Olsen-Hegar
  2. Mayo-Hegar
  3. Derf
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2
Q

What are Olsen-Hegar needle drivers?

A

general purpose needle holders WITH scissors and serrated inserts to maximize control and precision

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3
Q

What are Mayo-Hegar needle drivers?

A

general purpose needle holders WITHOUT scissors that have serrated inserts to maximize control and precision

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4
Q

Olsen-Hegar vs. Mayo-Hegar needle drivers:

A
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5
Q

What are Derf needle holders? What procedures are they most commonly used for?

A

delicate and smaller general needles holders meant to hold 5-0 and 6-0 needles

ophthalmic and dental procedures

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6
Q

Needle drivers:

A
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7
Q

What are Bard-Parker #3 scalpel holders? What blades can be used with them?

A

most common instruments used with surgical blades to create incisions or tissue separation (+/- ruler on handle)

No. 10, 11, 12, 15

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8
Q

Scalpel No. 10, 11, 12, and 15:

A

used on a Bard-Parker #3 scalpel blade
- 15 most commonly used on cats

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9
Q

What blades do Bard-Parker #4 scalpel holders use? When is this holder most commonly used?

A

blades #20-29

large animal medicine

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10
Q

Bard-Parker #3 vs #4 scalpel holders:

A
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11
Q

What does the use of tissue/thumb forceps allow? Why are they typically used?

A

accurate tissue handling without direct contact between surgeon’s fingers and tissues

stabilizes tissues and exposes layers for suturing

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12
Q

What are the main 3 types of tissue/thumb forceps?

A
  1. Debakey forceps
  2. Adson forceps
  3. Adson Brown forceps
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13
Q

What is the least traumatic type of forceps? What do their tips look like?

A

Debakey forceps

striated in a longitudinal direction

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14
Q

In what 3 situations is it best to use Debakey forceps?

A

(least traumatic!!)

  1. soft, delicate tissues
  2. hollow organs
  3. thoracic and vascular procedures
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15
Q

What is the most traumatic type of forceps? What do their tips look like?

A

Adson forceps

fine, rat tooth tip

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16
Q

In what 2 situations is it common to use Adson forceps?

A
  1. manipulation of soft tissues, such as fascia and skin during suturing
  2. stabilize and retract less delicate tissues
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17
Q

What do the tips of Adson Brow forceps look like? When are they most commonly used?

A

similar to Adson tissue forceps, but the tip is configured into multiple, fine, intermeshing teeth (jaws)

general tissue handling and suture needles

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18
Q

What are lister bandage scissors? What are they used for?

A

scissors with an angled blade and a blunt tip on the bottom blade to reduce the likelihood of tissue injury when they are put between the skin and bandage material

cutting through bandages and bandage material

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19
Q

What are Mayo scissors? What 4 things can it be used on?

A

heavy scissors with thick blades used to cut dense tissue

  1. fascia
  2. muscle
  3. suture
  4. drapes
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20
Q

What are Metzenbaum scissors? What 4 things can they be used on?

A

lighter scissors used for dissecting soft tissue and cutting delicate tissue

  1. fine tissues
  2. intestinal fat
  3. bladder
  4. sharp/blunt dissection of delicate tissues
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21
Q

Can Metzenbaum scissors be used on suture/drapes? Why or why not?

A

NO - dulls the scissors and renders them useless for dissection

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22
Q

What are iris scissors? What procedure is it most commonly used for?

A

small, fine scissors reserved for cutting delicate tissue

ophthalmic procedures - enucleations

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23
Q

What are suture scissors? What are they used for?

A

short, sturdy scissors with a notch in one blade to hook under suture and prevent excessive lifting of tissues while cutting

cut suture after an incision has healed - NOT used to cut tissue

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24
Q

What are wire cutting scissors?

A

scissors with angled jaws (serrated lower ones) used to cut orthopedic wire

25
Q

What is a snook hook?

A

spay hook with long, flat, and thin handles used to blindly hoot uterine horn or mesometrium and raise them to the surface during an ovariohysterectomy
- allows for a small incision

26
Q

Snook hook vs. Covault spay hook:

A
27
Q

How does the Couvalt spay hook compare to the snook hook?

A

thinner and has a ball at the end

28
Q

What are towel clamps used for? What happens once they penetrate a drape?

A
  • hold surgical drape during a procedure
  • secure suction lines, electrocautery cables, and power equipment to drapes

considered contaminated - must be discarded and replaces with new ones if repositioning is required

29
Q

What are the main 2 types of towel clamps?

A
  1. Backhaus
  2. Lorna (Edna)
30
Q

What is the most commonly used towel clamp? How is it used?

A

Backhaus towel clamps

clamps drape around surgery site

31
Q

How do Lorna (Edna) towel clamps compare to Backhaus towel clamps? What are they commonly used for?

A

non-perforating

securing equipment to minimize risk of contamination of the surgical field

32
Q

What are hemostatic forceps? How else can they be used?

A

crushing instruments used to temporarily clamp and occlude bleeding vessels, which stimulated physiological clotting mechanisms

  • grasp and secure tissues and superficial fascia
  • exposing, exploring, and visualizing deeper areas of a surgical site
33
Q

What are the 4 most common types of hemostatic forceps used?

A
  1. Rochester Carmalt
  2. Kelly
  3. mosquito
  4. Crile
34
Q

What do the tips of Rochester Carmalt hemostatic forceps look like? What are they used for? What is a common example?

A

longitudinal grooves that run the entire length with cross striations at the tip

clamp LARGE blood vessels and LARGE tissues
- ovarian pedicle or stump prior to ligation or transection during a canine spay

35
Q

What do the tips of Kelly hemostatic forceps look like? What are they used for? How do they compare to other hemostatic forceps?

A

transverse serrations covering the distal half of the jaw

clamp SMALL to MEDIUM sized blood vessels

larger and less delicate than mosquitos, but smaller than Carmalts

36
Q

What do the tips of Halsted mosquito hemostatic forceps look like? What are they used for? How do they compare to other hemostatic forceps?

A

transverse serrations covering the entire gripping surface + very fine point at the end for grapsing and crushing bleeding vessels

clamp SMALL blood vessels - small, delicate

smaller than both Carmalt and Kelly

37
Q

What do the tips of Crile hemostatic forceps look like? What are they used for? How do they compare to other hemostatic forceps?

A

transverse serrations covering the entire griping surface (jaw)

clamp SMALL to MEDIUM sized blood vessels

larger and less delicate than Halsted mosquito, but a similar size to the Kelly

38
Q

What are Allis tissue forceps? What are 2 common ways they are used?

A

crushing tissue forceps with a varying number of interlocking teeth on the gripping surface (traumatic!)

  1. holding dense/heavy tissue, but very traumatic - typically used on tissues being removed (not for frequent use)
  2. positioning suction tubing and electrocautery wire on a patient
39
Q

What are Babcock tissue forceps? What are they commonly used for?

A

crushing tissue forceps with smooth, flat tips, making it less traumatic than Allis forceps

grasp and retract soft tissues, like the stomach or bladder

40
Q

Allis vs. Babcock vs. Doyen forceps:

A
41
Q

What are Doyen forceps? What are they used for?

A

non-crushing/occluding forceps with striations up the entire gripping surface

temporarily occlude intestinal lumen for enterotomies or resection and anastomosis

42
Q

What is the Army Navy retractor? What is it used for?

A

hand-held retractor (requiring an assistant) that is double-ended, and blunt, and has a fenestrated handle

soft tissue and orthopedic surgeries

43
Q

What are Weitlaner retractors? When are they most commonly used?

A

self-retaining retractors with “W” fingers

orthopedic procedures to retract soft tissue in a small or superficial incision

44
Q

What are Gelpi retractors? What are they most commonly used for?

A

self-retaining, traumatic retractors with pointed tips

retraction of soft tissues and muscle bellies during orthopedic and spinal (neuro) surgeries

45
Q

What are Senn retractors? What are the most commonly used for?

A

hand-held (assistant), double-ended retractor with one blunt end and one sharp fork on one end at a right angle from one another

skin and soft tissue in small areas

46
Q

What are Baulfor abdominal retractors? Why must they be carefully used?

A

self-retaining retractors used to retract the abdominal wall laterally

protection of underlying tissues

47
Q

Baulfor abdominal retractors:

A
48
Q

What is a Barraquer eyelid speculum?

A

self-retaining wire instrument used to hold eyelids open during ophthalmic surgery (corneal surgery)

49
Q

What is the Poole suction tip used for? What does it look like?

A

suction large amounts of fluid from a body cavity

blunt tip with fenestrations that attaches to a suction tube
(blunt = prevents trauma to organs)

50
Q

How can the Poole suction tip be altered?

A

inner canula unscrews, which can be used as a modified Frazier suction tip

51
Q

What is the Frazier suction tip used for? What does it look like?

A

removes small amounts of fluid from the body cavity

fine tipped, without fenestrations
(no fenestrations = easily clogged with blood clots and small tissue remnants)

52
Q

What is a dental elevator used for?

A

acts as a wedge between the root and alveolar bone to help weaken or break the periodontal ligament to facilitate tooth extraction

53
Q

What is a curette?

A

double-ended instrument used for subgingival cleansing of the dentin and enamel

54
Q

What is a scaler? What are they used for?

A

double-ended tool with sharp tips on the working end that is triangular in cross-section

removes dental deposits above the gumline ONLY —> sharp tip is very traumatic to delicate tissue

55
Q

Curette vs. scaler:

A
56
Q

What are extraction forceps?

A

heavy instruments used to remove teeth, typically with striations on their gripping surface

57
Q

What are periodontal probes?

A

blunt-tipped instruments used to measure the pocket depths around the tooth to observe the health of the periodontium

58
Q

What is a dental explorer?

A

sharp-tipped instrument used to explore the enamel and dentin defects —> cavities!

59
Q

What are stainless steel bowls most commonly used for?

A
  • containing sterile, warmed saline that may be needed during a surgery
  • contain pyometra

Principles of Surgery (16 decks)

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