Surgical Instruments Flashcards
What are the main 3 types of needle drivers?
- Olsen-Hegar
- Mayo-Hegar
- Derf
What are Olsen-Hegar needle drivers?
general purpose needle holders WITH scissors and serrated inserts to maximize control and precision
What are Mayo-Hegar needle drivers?
general purpose needle holders WITHOUT scissors that have serrated inserts to maximize control and precision
Olsen-Hegar vs. Mayo-Hegar needle drivers:
What are Derf needle holders? What procedures are they most commonly used for?
delicate and smaller general needles holders meant to hold 5-0 and 6-0 needles
ophthalmic and dental procedures
Needle drivers:
What are Bard-Parker #3 scalpel holders? What blades can be used with them?
most common instruments used with surgical blades to create incisions or tissue separation (+/- ruler on handle)
No. 10, 11, 12, 15
Scalpel No. 10, 11, 12, and 15:
used on a Bard-Parker #3 scalpel blade
- 15 most commonly used on cats
What blades do Bard-Parker #4 scalpel holders use? When is this holder most commonly used?
blades #20-29
large animal medicine
Bard-Parker #3 vs #4 scalpel holders:
What does the use of tissue/thumb forceps allow? Why are they typically used?
accurate tissue handling without direct contact between surgeon’s fingers and tissues
stabilizes tissues and exposes layers for suturing
What are the main 3 types of tissue/thumb forceps?
- Debakey forceps
- Adson forceps
- Adson Brown forceps
What is the least traumatic type of forceps? What do their tips look like?
Debakey forceps
striated in a longitudinal direction
In what 3 situations is it best to use Debakey forceps?
(least traumatic!!)
- soft, delicate tissues
- hollow organs
- thoracic and vascular procedures
What is the most traumatic type of forceps? What do their tips look like?
Adson forceps
fine, rat tooth tip
In what 2 situations is it common to use Adson forceps?
- manipulation of soft tissues, such as fascia and skin during suturing
- stabilize and retract less delicate tissues
What do the tips of Adson Brow forceps look like? When are they most commonly used?
similar to Adson tissue forceps, but the tip is configured into multiple, fine, intermeshing teeth (jaws)
general tissue handling and suture needles
What are lister bandage scissors? What are they used for?
scissors with an angled blade and a blunt tip on the bottom blade to reduce the likelihood of tissue injury when they are put between the skin and bandage material
cutting through bandages and bandage material
What are Mayo scissors? What 4 things can it be used on?
heavy scissors with thick blades used to cut dense tissue
- fascia
- muscle
- suture
- drapes
What are Metzenbaum scissors? What 4 things can they be used on?
lighter scissors used for dissecting soft tissue and cutting delicate tissue
- fine tissues
- intestinal fat
- bladder
- sharp/blunt dissection of delicate tissues
Can Metzenbaum scissors be used on suture/drapes? Why or why not?
NO - dulls the scissors and renders them useless for dissection
What are iris scissors? What procedure is it most commonly used for?
small, fine scissors reserved for cutting delicate tissue
ophthalmic procedures - enucleations
What are suture scissors? What are they used for?
short, sturdy scissors with a notch in one blade to hook under suture and prevent excessive lifting of tissues while cutting
cut suture after an incision has healed - NOT used to cut tissue
What are wire cutting scissors?
scissors with angled jaws (serrated lower ones) used to cut orthopedic wire
What is a snook hook?
spay hook with long, flat, and thin handles used to blindly hoot uterine horn or mesometrium and raise them to the surface during an ovariohysterectomy
- allows for a small incision
Snook hook vs. Covault spay hook:
How does the Couvalt spay hook compare to the snook hook?
thinner and has a ball at the end
What are towel clamps used for? What happens once they penetrate a drape?
- hold surgical drape during a procedure
- secure suction lines, electrocautery cables, and power equipment to drapes
considered contaminated - must be discarded and replaces with new ones if repositioning is required
What are the main 2 types of towel clamps?
- Backhaus
- Lorna (Edna)
What is the most commonly used towel clamp? How is it used?
Backhaus towel clamps
clamps drape around surgery site
How do Lorna (Edna) towel clamps compare to Backhaus towel clamps? What are they commonly used for?
non-perforating
securing equipment to minimize risk of contamination of the surgical field
What are hemostatic forceps? How else can they be used?
crushing instruments used to temporarily clamp and occlude bleeding vessels, which stimulated physiological clotting mechanisms
- grasp and secure tissues and superficial fascia
- exposing, exploring, and visualizing deeper areas of a surgical site
What are the 4 most common types of hemostatic forceps used?
- Rochester Carmalt
- Kelly
- mosquito
- Crile
What do the tips of Rochester Carmalt hemostatic forceps look like? What are they used for? What is a common example?
longitudinal grooves that run the entire length with cross striations at the tip
clamp LARGE blood vessels and LARGE tissues
- ovarian pedicle or stump prior to ligation or transection during a canine spay
What do the tips of Kelly hemostatic forceps look like? What are they used for? How do they compare to other hemostatic forceps?
transverse serrations covering the distal half of the jaw
clamp SMALL to MEDIUM sized blood vessels
larger and less delicate than mosquitos, but smaller than Carmalts
What do the tips of Halsted mosquito hemostatic forceps look like? What are they used for? How do they compare to other hemostatic forceps?
transverse serrations covering the entire gripping surface + very fine point at the end for grapsing and crushing bleeding vessels
clamp SMALL blood vessels - small, delicate
smaller than both Carmalt and Kelly
What do the tips of Crile hemostatic forceps look like? What are they used for? How do they compare to other hemostatic forceps?
transverse serrations covering the entire griping surface (jaw)
clamp SMALL to MEDIUM sized blood vessels
larger and less delicate than Halsted mosquito, but a similar size to the Kelly
What are Allis tissue forceps? What are 2 common ways they are used?
crushing tissue forceps with a varying number of interlocking teeth on the gripping surface (traumatic!)
- holding dense/heavy tissue, but very traumatic - typically used on tissues being removed (not for frequent use)
- positioning suction tubing and electrocautery wire on a patient
What are Babcock tissue forceps? What are they commonly used for?
crushing tissue forceps with smooth, flat tips, making it less traumatic than Allis forceps
grasp and retract soft tissues, like the stomach or bladder
Allis vs. Babcock vs. Doyen forceps:
What are Doyen forceps? What are they used for?
non-crushing/occluding forceps with striations up the entire gripping surface
temporarily occlude intestinal lumen for enterotomies or resection and anastomosis
What is the Army Navy retractor? What is it used for?
hand-held retractor (requiring an assistant) that is double-ended, and blunt, and has a fenestrated handle
soft tissue and orthopedic surgeries
What are Weitlaner retractors? When are they most commonly used?
self-retaining retractors with “W” fingers
orthopedic procedures to retract soft tissue in a small or superficial incision
What are Gelpi retractors? What are they most commonly used for?
self-retaining, traumatic retractors with pointed tips
retraction of soft tissues and muscle bellies during orthopedic and spinal (neuro) surgeries
What are Senn retractors? What are the most commonly used for?
hand-held (assistant), double-ended retractor with one blunt end and one sharp fork on one end at a right angle from one another
skin and soft tissue in small areas
What are Baulfor abdominal retractors? Why must they be carefully used?
self-retaining retractors used to retract the abdominal wall laterally
protection of underlying tissues
Baulfor abdominal retractors:
What is a Barraquer eyelid speculum?
self-retaining wire instrument used to hold eyelids open during ophthalmic surgery (corneal surgery)
What is the Poole suction tip used for? What does it look like?
suction large amounts of fluid from a body cavity
blunt tip with fenestrations that attaches to a suction tube
(blunt = prevents trauma to organs)
How can the Poole suction tip be altered?
inner canula unscrews, which can be used as a modified Frazier suction tip
What is the Frazier suction tip used for? What does it look like?
removes small amounts of fluid from the body cavity
fine tipped, without fenestrations
(no fenestrations = easily clogged with blood clots and small tissue remnants)
What is a dental elevator used for?
acts as a wedge between the root and alveolar bone to help weaken or break the periodontal ligament to facilitate tooth extraction
What is a curette?
double-ended instrument used for subgingival cleansing of the dentin and enamel
What is a scaler? What are they used for?
double-ended tool with sharp tips on the working end that is triangular in cross-section
removes dental deposits above the gumline ONLY —> sharp tip is very traumatic to delicate tissue
Curette vs. scaler:
What are extraction forceps?
heavy instruments used to remove teeth, typically with striations on their gripping surface
What are periodontal probes?
blunt-tipped instruments used to measure the pocket depths around the tooth to observe the health of the periodontium
What is a dental explorer?
sharp-tipped instrument used to explore the enamel and dentin defects —> cavities!
What are stainless steel bowls most commonly used for?
- containing sterile, warmed saline that may be needed during a surgery
- contain pyometra
