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Principles of Surgery > Exam 3 Review > Flashcards

Exam 3 Review Flashcards

1
Q

What age should you neuter canines? Felines?

A

CANINE: 6 moths to 2 years

FELINE: 6 months+

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2
Q

A 7-month-old Cocker spaniel presents for a pre-op exam before a neuter. You notice that one of the testicles is not descended. What surgical approach would you NOT take for the neuter?
a. prescrotal
b. scrotal
c. scrotal ablation
d. all of the above
e. none of the above

A

D

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3
Q

Which is NOT a compilation that occurs when the spermatic cord rotates on itself
a. ischemic tissue
b. scrotal swelling
c. testicular atrophy
d. testicular swelling
e. pain

A

C

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4
Q

A healthy, 6-month-old male Corgi presents for a neuter. Which surgical approach would you take?
a. scrotal
b. prescrotal
c. scrotal ablation
d. inguinal
e. A or B

A

E

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5
Q

A 9-year-old, intact male dog presents to you with alopecia and enlarged mammary glands. What is your top differential?

A

Sertoli cell tumor

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6
Q

What is this an example of?
a. Sertoli cell tumor
b. orchitis
c. scrotal trauma
d. perineal hernia

A

D

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7
Q

Which approach works for cryptorchid patients?
a. inguinal
b. pre-scrotal
c. scrotal
d. abdominal

A

A & D

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8
Q

Is this an open or closed technique?

A

open

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9
Q

Where is the 1st ligature placed with the 3 clamp technique in a neuter?
a. crushed tissue, once distal hemostat is removed
b. between first and second hemostat
c. crushed tissue, once proximal hemostat is removed
d. proximal to crushed tissue

A

C

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10
Q

Where is the 2st ligature placed with the 3 clamp technique in a neuter?
a. crushed tissue, once proximal hemostat is removed
b. between middle and distal clamp
c. proximal to first ligature
d. between first ligature and middle hemostat

A

D

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11
Q

You have placed your first and second ligatures, what is your next step and what is the location of this step?
a. flash and then re-clamp
b. transect testicular pedicle between the middle and distal clamps
c. transect testicular pedicle distal to the last clamp
d. place ligature proximal to the middle clamp

A

B

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12
Q

How do you close a cat neuter?
a. leave scrotal incision open
b. place one buried subcutaneous suture
c. place subcutaneous and intradermal sutures
d. place simple interrupted sutures

A

A

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13
Q

True or false: Transfixing ligatures are only applied on the most proximal ligature.

A

FALSE - placed only as the distal ligature

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14
Q

What are the number of days for….
- exercise restriction
- suture removal
- E-collar
- NSAIDs to go home…..
following a neuter?

A
  • 10-14 days
  • 10-14 days
  • at least a week
  • 5-7 days
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15
Q

What are the 2 types of ligations for a cat neuter?
a. cord tie (auto-ligation)
b. modified Colorado
c. figure 8 tie
d. cruciate

A

A & C

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16
Q

What is NOT a neuter complication?
a. hemorrhage
b. scrotal hematoma
c. infection
d. dehiscence
e. degeneration

A

E

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17
Q

What is the difference between an ovariohysterectomy, ovariectomy, and hysterectomy?

A

OVH: removal of ovaries + uterus (entire female repro tract = oviducts, ovaries, uternie hornes, and uterus)

O: only removes ovaries

H: C-section, opening gravid uterus + removing fetuses

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18
Q

What is the age to spay canines and felines?

A

CANINES: 6 months to 2 years

FELINES: 6 months +

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19
Q

A 2-year-old female intact DSH presents to the clinic with this. What is the first step you take?
a. spay
b. check tissue viability
c. reduce swelling with dextrose
d. manually replace tissue
e. amputate then spay

A

B

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20
Q

If this tissue is viable, what is the next step?

A

LAVAGE, LAVAGE, LAVAGE

dilution is the solution to pollution!!

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21
Q

A 4-year-old female intact Shiba Inu present very ill with pale mucous membranes, abdominal distension, lethargy, no vaginal discharge, and PU/PD. Based on clinical signs, what do you suspect?

A

CLOSED pyometra

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22
Q

What is the holding layer of abdomenal incisions?
a. linea alba
b. subcutaneous tissue
c. external rectus fascia
d. transversalis fascia

A

C

23
Q

Once the ovary is identified, what structure so you place a clamp on?

A

proper ligament - will externalize and provide friction for breaking down the suspensory ligament

24
Q

Where is the first ligature placed in a spay?
a. crushed tissue, once proximal hemostat has been removed
b. between middle and distal clamp
c. proximal to first ligature
d. between first ligature and hemostat

A

A

25
Q

Where is the second ligature placed in a spay?
a. between first ligature and middle hemostat
b. crushed tissue, once proximal hemostat is removed
c. between middle and distal clamp
d. proximal to first ligature

A

A

26
Q

After the first and second ligatures are placed, you transect which pedicle and where?
a. ovarian pedicle; between first ligature and middle hemostat
b. uterine pedicle; between middle and distal hemostat
c. ovarian pedicle; between middle and distal hemostat
d. uterine pedicle; between first and middle hemostat

A

C

27
Q

The uterus is removed. What is the next step?
a. check gutters
b. double check pedicles for bleeders
c. close up
d. nothing, you’re done

A

B

28
Q

Which suture pattern is can you NOT use to close the body wall?
a. simple interrupted
b. verticle mattress
c. simple continuous
d. cruciate

A

B

29
Q

Which suture pattern can you use to close subcutaneous tissue?
a. simple continuous
b. modified Miller’s
c. intradermal
d. Lembert

A

A

30
Q

Which suture pattern can you NOT use to close the skin layer?
a. simple interrupted
b. intradermal
c. cruciate
d. simple continuous

A

D

31
Q

How do NSAIDs for post-op care compare in canines and felines?

A

CANINES: Rimadyl, Metacam

FELINES: Onsior, Metacam

32
Q

What is the most fatal complication associated with a spay?
a. hemorrhage
b. dehiscence
c. seroma
d. muscle atrophy

A

A

33
Q

Your 7-month-old FS Dachshund comes back to the clinic 5 days post-spay presenting with foul-smelling vaginal discharge, loss of appetite, fever, and lethargy. You perform and abdominal U/S and see focal inflammation of remnant uterine tissue. What is the cause?
a. failure to remove all ovarian tissue
b. using multifilament non-absorbable suture
c. poor aseptic technique
d. B or C

A

E

34
Q

Casts and splints are used for fractures in which location?
a. shoulder joint
b. below stifle and elbow
c. coxofemoral joint
d. above stifle and elbow

A

B

35
Q

What can happen if there is not enough padding in a bandage/cast?

A

pressure sores

36
Q

What layer of the suture does the stirrup secure to?
a. 1st layer
b. 2nd layer
c. conforming bandage of the 3rd layer
d. elastic layer of the 3rd layer

A

C

37
Q

All of the following are functions of the primary layer except….?
a. protect granulation tissue
b. absorb exudate
c. deliver medication
d. support/stabilization
c. debride necrotic wound

A

D

38
Q

If a patient comes in with a contaminated and infected wound, what type of dressing should you use?
a. non-adherent
b. occlusive
c. semi-occlusive
d. absorbent

A

D

39
Q

What is the downside to using adherent wound dressings?
a. painful when removed
b. will remove healthy and non-healthy tissue
c. debrides wounds

A

A & B

40
Q

When do you stop using adherent contact layers?
a. after 2 bandage changes
b. when granulation tissue begins to form
c. after the wound completely heals

A

B

41
Q

When do you change non-adherent contact layers?
a. SID
b. BID
c. every 3-7 days
d. every 10-14 fdays

A

C

42
Q

A dog comes in with an open wound and you notice it has granulation tissue. Which contact layer would you NOT use?
a. adherent
b. semi-occlusive
c. occlusive
d. non-adherent

A

A

43
Q

All of the following are functions of the intermediate layer except…..?
a. absorb exudate
b. support/stabilization
c. provides padding
d. decreases dead space
e. protects from environment

A

E

44
Q

What bandage would you suggest for a wound near the perineal region?
a. modified Robert Jones
b. tie-over
c. Robert Jones
d. Velpeau bandage

A

B

45
Q

Which bandage is quite bulky, but good for emergencies?
a. modified Robert Jones
b. tie-over
c. Robert Jones
d. Velpeau bandage

A

C

46
Q

If we need to prevent weigh on the forelimb, you should use what technique?
a. modified Robert Jones
b. Ehmer bandage
c. Spica splint
d. Velpeau bandage

A

D - stabilizes scapular fractures

47
Q

A dog with a coxofemoral luxation comes in. What bandage should you use?
a. modified Robert Jones
b. Ehmer bandage
c. Spica splint
d. Velpeau bandage

A

B

48
Q

A full cast is placed with injuries in all of the following except….?
a. radius
b. ulna
c. humerus
d. tibia
e. fibula

A

C

49
Q

How can you temporarily stabilize humerus or femoral fractures?
a. modified Robert Jones
b. Ehmer bandage
c. Spica splint
d. Velpeau bandage

A

C

50
Q

What is the difference between active and passive drains?

A

ACTIVE: artificial pressure gradient pulls fluid/gas from the wound with suction

PASSIVE: relies on gravity, pressure differentials, and overflow to move fluid/gas with drainage related to surface area

51
Q

Which statement is true?
a. Drains should exit through the incision line.
b. Drains should not lie directly under suture line.
c. Percutaneous tacking sutures should not be placed over buried tacking sutures.
d. none of the above

A

B

52
Q

All of the following are true regarding active drains, except….
a. higher risk of infection than passive drains
b. closed system that collects fluid into a reservoir
c. works with negative pressure allowing drain placement in any direction
d. obstruction is the primary cause of failure

A

A

53
Q

Which drain is radiopaque and fenestrated that connects to a collection system?
a. Penrose drain
b. simple closed suction system
c. butterfly catheter drain
d. Jackson Pratt drain

A

D

Principles of Surgery (16 decks)

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