Surgery PPQ Flashcards
features of IBD on AXR
- Thumbprinting: mucosal thickening of the haustra due to inflammation and oedema causing them to appear like thumbprints projecting into the lumen.
- Lead-pipe (featureless) colon: loss of normal haustral markings secondary to chronic colitis.
- Toxic megacolon: colonic dilatation without obstruction associated with colitis.
key histological difference between crohns and UC
Crohns
- granulomas (non-caseating)
- skip lesions
UC
- non- granulomatous
- crypt abcess formation
- reduced goblet cells
A 76-year-old woman presents with post-menopausal bleeding for the past 4 months. She is diagnosed with well-differentiated adenocarcinoma (stage II) on endometrial biopsy. There is no evidence of metastatic disease. Which is the most appropriate treatment?
Transcervical endometrial resection
Total abdominal hysterectomy
Provera (medroxyprogesterone acetate)
Wertheim’s radical hysterectomy
Total abdominal hysterectomy with bilateral salpingo-oophorectomy
dermatomes
C8
T10
L5
S5- FUSED
myotomes
nervous distribution in the hand
common nerve palsys in the upper limb
- brachial plexus injury
- axillary nerve palsy
- radial nerve palsy
- median nerve palsy
- ulnar nerve palsy
brachial plexus injurys
Erbs (C5-C6)
- Upper brachial plexus injury
Klumpks (C8-T1)
- Lower brachial plexus injury
brachial plexus if time
Real teenagers drink cold tea
Men are mean really usually
radial nerve injury
wrist drop
- wasting of the triceps
- inability to extend hand
median nerve injury
hand of benediction
- thenar eminence atrophy
- cannot make a fist
- inability to flex at the MCP of the middle and index finger
axillary nerve injury
regimental badge area
ulnar nerve injury
claw hand
- wasting of the hypothenar eminence
- cannot open hand
- inability to extend little and ring finger
ulnar paradox
If the ulnar nerve lesion occurs more proximally (closer to the elbow), the flexor digitorum profundus muscle may also be denervated. As a result, flexion of the IP joints is weakened, which reduces the claw-like appearance of the hand.
foot drop caused by
damage to the common peroneal nerve
