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LPN Level 2 - Surgery > Surgery Neuro > Flashcards

Surgery Neuro Flashcards

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1
Q

How many mL of CSF is taken during lumbar puncture

A

8-10mL

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2
Q

What position is the pt in during Lumbar puncture

A

orthopneic position

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3
Q

Post lumbar puncture

A

lie flat 6-12 hr
drink fluids – replace CSF
leak = serious HA

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4
Q

Used to visualize cerebral artery system

A

Cerebral angiogram

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5
Q

Post cerebral angiogram (dye)

A

BedRest for 4-8 hr
pressure on insertion site
monitor distal pulses
watch for s/s bleeding or hematomas

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6
Q

temporary impairment of cerebral circulation
brain temporarily deprived of O2
focal neurological deficits
lasts minutes/hours

A

(TIA) Transient ischemic attack

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7
Q

infarction/death of brain tissue
disruption of blood flow to brain
focal neurological deficits, specific to brain area involved
urgent medical condition
ischemic (tpa) or hemorrhagic (surgical intervention)

A

(CVA)

Cerebrovascular accident

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8
Q

CVA caused in younger people is usually due to

A

drugs

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9
Q

expressive aphasia

A

cannot express the right words

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10
Q

receptive aphasia

A

cannot understand language

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11
Q

Normal ICP

A

10-15

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12
Q

early signs of ICP

A 
agitation
confusion
irritability
drowsiness
personality changes
blurred vision
decreased LOC
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13
Q

Late signs of ICP

A 
increased BP
widened pulse pressure = INCREASING SYSTOLIC
slow irregular respiration
slow pulse
dilation of one pupil
increased body temp
decorticate posturing 
Decerebrate posturing
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14
Q

portion of brain protrudes through an opening in skull and causes dilation of eye on side of herniation

A

Cerebral Herniation

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15
Q

Interventions for cerebral Herniation

A

no narcotics, sedatives/barbiturates (masks s/s of ICP)
HOB elevated
stool softeners
avoid hip flexion

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16
Q

Decadron & Prednisone

A

reduces inflammation for ICP

17
Q

Mannitol

A

osmotic diuretic given post op to reduce ICP

18
Q

removing a bone, flap of skull for decompression in ICP

A

Craniotomy

19
Q

Prevent ICP post cerebral sugery

A

quiet room
stool softeners
HOB elevated

20
Q
  • leak of serous/Serosanguineous fluid from ear or nose rhinorrhea (nose) otorrhea (ear)
  • battle’s signs: ecchymosis behind ear
  • raccoon eyes: bilateral ecchymosis under both eyes
    appears 3-4 hours after insult S/S OF
A

skull fracture

21
Q 
temporary neurological dysfunction caused by mechanical force
brief loss of consciousness
amnesia
HA, fatigue
concentration problems
A

Concussion

22
Q

bruising of brain, areas of hemorrhage is called

A

Contusion

23
Q

bleeding btwn skull/dura
arterial – faster bleed
often associated w/ a skull fracture

A

Epidural hematomas

24
Q

S/S of Epidural Hematoma

A
  • pt loses consciousness directly after the injury and then regains consciousness and is coherent for a brief period
  • dilated pupil and paralyzed extraocular muscles on the side of the hematoma
  • seizures or hemiparesis may occur
25
Q

bleeding underneath dura

venous – slower bleed - slower s/s

A

Subdural Hematoma

26
Q

opening of cranium to remove a tumor/hematoma

A

Craniotomy

27
Q

Craniotomy post op

A

Decadron & Mannitol

28
Q

what type of drainage is ok after cerebral surgery

A

brown & light pink

red bad

29
Q

injury at C4 or above, paralysis of resp muscles and all extremities

A

Quadriplegia

30
Q

injury below T1
paralysis in lower portion of body
higher level of injury, greater loss

A

Paraplegia

31
Q

Autonomic Hypereflexis (Dysreflexia) in pt’s with injuries T6 and above most common causes

A

bladder distention
bowel impaction
skin ulcers
infections

32
Q

immediate intervention of Dysreflexia

A 
maintain airway
ck foley for obstruction
possibly catheterize pt
ck for fecal impaction
notify MD
correction of problem resolves symptoms
33
Q

procedure to remove bone, cartilage, herniated disc material

A

Laminectomy

34
Q

post op Laminectomy

A

Keep pt flat - log roll turns

watch for respiratory distress

35
Q

NSG care for pt’s with seizures

A 
position on side to help facilitate any drainage
don’t leave unattended
prevent injury
maintain airway
bed low
padded side rails
36
Q

cord below injury stops functioning completely
vasodilation, hypotension, bradycardia, hypothermia
reflexes lost
lasts from a week to many weeks

A

spinal shock

37
Q

Glascows coma scale monitors

A

E eyes
V verbal
M motor

LPN Level 2 - Surgery (9 decks)

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