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LPN Level 2 - Surgery > Surgery GU > Flashcards

Surgery GU Flashcards

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1
Q

Obstruction of urine flow that will lead to a back up of urine which will destroy kidney

A

Urological obsruction

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2
Q

Scar tissue due to injuries, STD’s , STI’s and Renal calculi. Narrowing of Urethra Lumen

A

Strictures

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3
Q

Surgical procedure involving foley catheter at bedside to relieve strictures

A

Mechanical Dilation

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4
Q

Surgical repair of urethra to relieve strictures

A

Urethraplasty

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5
Q

Bladder training involving foley catheter consist of

A

clamping and release

Clamp and Release

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6
Q

Stones in the Nephron is called

A

Nephrolithiasis

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7
Q

Stones found in the Kidney pelvis

A

Pyelolithiasis

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8
Q

Stones found in the ureter

A

Uretolithiasis

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9
Q

Size of stone that can easily pass through urine

A

<5mm

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10
Q

Another name for lg stones

A

Staghorn >5mm

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11
Q

Number 1 S/S of renal calculi

A

Costovertebral pain radiating to front

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12
Q

Can hematuria be found when passing stone

A

yes

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13
Q

two common causes of kidney stones

A

Chronic dehydration

UTI’s

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14
Q

What type of specific gravity is found with pt with UTI and renal calculi

A

High specific gravity

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15
Q

Why is immobility a cause of kidney stones

A

bones demineralize and calcium is released into blood to accumulate in kidneys

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16
Q

Purine metabolism leads to

A

Uric acid

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17
Q

most common type of stone

A

Calcium oxalate

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18
Q

Diagnostics for Renal calculi

A

IVP
KUB
Blood
Ultrasound

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19
Q

Name two immediate interventions for a pt with renal calculi

A

pain control

Fliud increas PO IV

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20
Q

Thiazide diuretic given most commonly to break calcium stones

A

Diuril

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21
Q

Drug given to lower purine levels

A

Allopurinol

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22
Q

ESWL aka

A

Lithotripsy

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23
Q

The use of shockwaves to break up stones where anesthetized pt is placed either in a tub of water or may use water bag on abdomen as the shockwaves bounce off water to break renal calculi

A

Lithotripsy ESWL

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24
Q

Pre procedure lithotrpsy

A

Consent

NPO

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25
Q

Post procedure lithottipsy

A

increase fluids
expect slight hematuria
teach pt to strain

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26
Q

If lithotripsy fails what is the next step

A

Stenting

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27
Q

If stenting after lithotripsy fails what is the next step

A

Surgery

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28
Q

What surgery involves removing small stones through a scope also used for biopsy for cancer

A

Cystoscopy

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29
Q

What surgery involves removing large stones in bladder by insterting instrument through uretha into bladder where stone is crushed and flushed with saline

A

Cystolitholapaxy

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30
Q

Surgical incision into bladder where stone is removed and may insert a temporary drainage tube

A

Cystotomy

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31
Q

temporary suprapubic tube to drain urine through belly button

A

Cystotomy tube

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32
Q

Drug of choice post stenting

A

Plavix

Antiplatelet

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33
Q

Regular scope through ureter to view stone and where sent is placed permanently to allow passage of future stone build up

A

Ureterolithotomy

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34
Q

Surgical scope through flank area skin into kidney that may require tube to prevent stones from settling

A

Nephrolithotomy

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35
Q

tube for urine drainage inserted into flank area after Nephrolithotomy

A

Nephrostomy tube

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36
Q

Diet prevention of Calcium Oxalate stones

A

Low or high calcium depending on how much oxalate the body has
no coffe, beans, spinach, coco, or chocolate

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37
Q

Prevention of uric acid stones from purine

A

Low purine diet
fruits milk cheese and eggs good
organ meats gravy and sardines bad

38
Q

Three major preventions of stones

A

Hydrate
Exercise
Diet

39
Q

Complications of stones

A

Hydronephrosis & UTI

40
Q

Causes of cancer in the bladder

A

smokers

pollutants

41
Q

Early S/S of bladder cancer

A

Painless hematuria

42
Q

Later S/S of Bladder Cancer

A 
Pelvic or lower back pain
dysuria - painful urination / difficulty
Anuria - no urine
Oliguria - not enough urine
Tumor obstruction
43
Q

U/A is done for cancer diagnosis to look for

A

Blood in urine

44
Q

Diagnostic used to search for cancer cells in urine

A

Cytology

45
Q

Cystoscopy for cancer can be called

A

biopsy

46
Q

IVP is usually not given for pt’s with obstruction due to the reason that

A

they may not be able to flush the dye out their system

47
Q

4 important factors before an IVP

A

Allergies
BUN & Creatinine
NPO
^ fluids

48
Q

Stage of cancer deterines the Tx. Which stage of cancer is the highest

A

stage 4

49
Q

Therapy for bladder cancer where a pt is injected medication directly into bladder to make tumor sensitive to light. Then tumor cells are killed by photo therapy lights

A

Photodynamic therapy

50
Q

laser is a treatment for bladder cancer b/c it can destroy small

A

tumors

51
Q

ectomy means

A

removal

52
Q

Encapsulated malignancy of kidney found in children who are born with it

A

WILMS

52
Q

Causes of kidney cancer

A

Smoking
Obesity
Long term hemodialysis
Environmental pollutants

53
Q

Early s/s if kidney cancer

A

No early signs and symptoms

54
Q

Late symptoms of cancer of kidney

A

Hematuria

Flank pain

55
Q

Diagnostics

For kidney cancer

A

IVP
Cystoscopy
CT MRI

56
Q

Best surgical tx of kidney cancer

A

Radical nephrectomy

57
Q

Pre op nephrectomy

A

Consent
BUN creatinine
Blood clotting

58
Q

Post op nephrectomy

A 
Monitor:
Bleeding
Lung sounds
Increase fluids
Monitor I&O
59
Q

Complications of nephrectomy

A

Pneumothorax

Atelectasis

60
Q

Nephrectomy could accidentally cause a puncture in the lungs and air in pleural space…

A

Pneumothorax

61
Q

S/S of renal failure

A 
Anemia r/t erythropoietin 
Uremic frost r/t uremia
Pruritis itchy flaky skin
Encephalopathy
Left or right heart failure CHF
Ammonia breath
62
Q

Tax for ESRD chronic end stage renal failure

A

Hemodialysis

63
Q

Type of renal biopsy where vein and artery are combined in anastomoses

A

AV fistula

64
Q

Type of hemodialysis site where tube is inserted to combine artery and vein

A

AV graft

65
Q

Hemodialysis is given how many times

A

3-4 hrs 3x a week

66
Q

Side effects of hemodialysis

A

Weight loss
Weak
Low BP
Increase HR

67
Q

Assess patency of IV site during hemodialysis by

A

Palpating the tremor

Auscultating bruit

68
Q

Bruit sounds like

A

Swishing sound

69
Q

Can you draw blood or give blood pressure on hemodialysis arm

A

No

70
Q

Where is the bracelet placed for a pt on hemodialysis

A

Bracelet is on arm where the IV site is

71
Q

Can you sleep on hemodialysis arm

A

No

72
Q

Notify doctor if during hemodialysis site is

A

Bleeding with fever or drainage

73
Q

How many ml of fluid is used for peritoneal dialysis

A

1500-2000mL

74
Q

For how long does fluid drain during peritoneal dialysis

A

30 minutes done 3-4x a day

75
Q

How long will fluid sit in abdomen

A

1-3hrs

76
Q

Complication of peritoneal dialysis

A

Peritonitis

77
Q

Drug a pt will stay on for life pre and post kidney transplant

A

Cyclosporine

78
Q

Two things to watch for kidney transplant

A

Bleeding

I&O

79
Q

Signs of rejection

A

Decrease urine output
Increase temperature
Swelling all over
Increase BP

80
Q

What must be done if kidney transplant fails

A

Hemodialysis immediately

81
Q

Anti rejection drug pre and post renal transplant

A

Cyclosporine

82
Q

LASIx loop diuretic potassium sparring

A

Furosemide

83
Q

What must you monitor after furosemide is given

A

Weights
I&O
Monitor k+

84
Q

Thiazide diuretic most commonly given to break up calcium stones

A

Diuril

85
Q

Urinary analgesic / antiseptic where urine turns red orange given for UTIs

A

Pyridium

86
Q

Sulfonamide antibiotic for UTIs

A

Bactrim / septra

87
Q

Drug of choice for UTI

A

Cipro

88
Q

Potassium sparring diuretic

A

Aldactone

89
Q

Urinary analgesic / antiseptic

For UTI and turns urine brown

A

Macrodantin

90
Q

Diuretic that can crystallize when exposed to low temperatures

A

Mannitol

91
Q

Reduced muscle spasms of the bladder and urinary tract

A

Ditropan

LPN Level 2 - Surgery (9 decks)

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